Advertising Essay

Every day, whether watching tv, listening to the radio, or driving in the car, people encounter all sorts of advertisements. For as long as most can remember, advertising has been all over the place, and over time it has weaved its way into the day to day lives of society. The use of advertising is to grab one’s attention and to persuade them of something, usually to buy a service or a product. And whether we realize it or not, negatively or positively, advertisements affect people psychologically. Some of them use bright colors, others use statistics, and some use humor to grab one’s attention. One such advertisements comes from the gym, Planet Fitness. Planet Fitness attracts members by use of humor and by appealing to the physical and financial needs of the ‘average joe’ in their advertisements. In this commercial, there are young, fit women walking around the locker room talking about how hot they are and how hot they think each other are, all the while a normal woman of a little older age sits in her towel and witnesses their conversation. You can tell that she’s clearly uncomfortable with being in the situation. She then goes on to tell the fitness instructor â€Å"†¦ And that’s why I don’t like gyms† and the instructor responds with â€Å"Well, we’re not a gym. We’re Planet Fitness†. So they understand that not everybody that goes to the gym is a big muscled hunk, and that sometimes it can be a little uncomfortable being around people that are like that. The way that Planet Fitness is built and the way in which they carry themselves, is that they make the customer feel that they are what’s most important to the company. They care about making you feel comfortable while being able to exercise in a public gym. Planet Fitness also understands that not everybody is made up of extra money. This is taken from the Planet Fitness website, â€Å"We don’t have any salespeople, and we don’t bother with all the extras like juice bars and childcare that drive up costs and can make a gym membership seem more like a car payment. Instead, we’ve boiled our business down to the things that you really want in a health club – clean, stylish, hassle-free facilities that are filled with tons of brand-name cardio and strength equipment, and a lot of happy people. If you’re looking for a comfortable, friendly place to exercise, and like a great deal, then you’ll love Planet Fitness. † (http://www. planetfitness. com/About-Planet-Fitness-Gym). They offer memberships for just ten dollars a month, which is an amazing bargain compared to other big name gyms such as the YMCA or 24 Hour Fitness. By offering cheap rates, it creates a great incentive for somebody to exercise at Planet Fitness. Lastly, Planet Fitness seems to appeal to women in this advertisement. It’s socially acceptable to say that women are looked at as being more sensitive than men when it comes to their appearance and body image. So in this particular ad, they show that the â€Å"normal† woman is very very uncomfortable in the locker room and it’s actually a deal breaker for her when it comes to going to the gym. So by showing this advertisement, Planet Fitness can attract more female customers just by letting them know that they won’t be judged at the gym and they can exercise with a peace of mind. With all this being said, it can be concluded that the advertisement by Planet Fitness is a successful one. By appealing to people’s wallets and through their understanding of the â€Å"comfort zone†, and having humorous commercials, they’ve established credibility with the public as being a welcoming, friendly gym all at a low cost.

Shown Before Photoshopped

By living in a visual world, companies frequently run ads using photoshopped pictures. The image presented is near perfect in appearance, yet it is not always truthful. Despite the numerous cautions implied by doctors or inscribed on cigarette packets, smoking has been a fashionable trend throughout the years. Some advertisements influence individuals in becoming addicted to the nicotine inside the health hazard wrapped within paper. Other advertisements tend to sway the viewer into pondering the general concern of the problem at hand.Photographer Mike Stubbs’s photo of Terrie Hall focuses on his subject’s physical appearance not altered in photoshop, instead, altered by surgery. By presenting Terrie Hall, a former smoker, in this advertisement, the harsh and shocking truth about smoking is exposed. This picture introduces Terrie as a 52 year old woman from North Carolina. A quarter size hole in Terrie’s throat causes one’s eyes to focus on the rest of her disfigured appearance. Directly to the viewer’s right of Terrie are large, bolded white letters that spell, â€Å"Record your voice for loved ones while you still can.†In Terrie’s lap is a small framed picture of her with her child. Unfocused, is a background of a white wall and another framed picture of the same child on a nearby table. Unfortunately in a society where one’s image is so important, these businesses and their buyers do not want people to know the underlying truth. Tobacco businesses would not enjoy the presence of Terrie Hall working for their company because of the effects of her cigarette usage over the years. The quarter sized hole in Terrie’s throat is the result of surgery to remove her cancer filled voice box and its surrounding structures.The hole, or stoma, is how Terrie breathes. Smoking also causes other life suppressing damages such as the deterioration of one’s lungs, bladder cancer, and other various chronic dis eases that advertisements do not consider when supporting their product. Most advertisements promote cigarettes by using a selection of people that are often fairly attractive. Michael Stubbs, on the other hand, selectively chose Terrie Hall for her true appearance. The advertisement or commercial commonly shows the desirable people in a party scenario where cigarettes and booze are prominent.What these companies are hiding is the truth buried beneath the photoshop and scripted lies. The CDCP, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, started the anti-smoking ads in 2012 and have continued these commercials into this year as well. â€Å"Officials believe the campaign led as many as 100,000 American smokers to quit† (Associated Press par. 5). Being the only one to return for this year’s round of advertisements out 24 others, she shares her everyday life to the public.Typically when Terrie wakes up in the morning, she has many tasks to accomplish before leaving the hous e like everyone else. But prior to breakfast, she throw on her wig and puts in her false teeth. Terrie tosses a scarf around her neck in order to cover the stoma in the middle of her throat. The puzzling message in large white letters to the right refers to Terrie’s loss of ability to talk due to the removal of her own vocal cords. Terrie Hall once stated, â€Å"It’s the only voice my grandson’s ever heard† (par. 15).Total laryngectomy is the removal of the entire voice box including the structures around it. The cancer moves into surrounding cartilage that makes up the voice box’s outer structure. From this, the trachea must adapt with the help of the electrolarynx, a device one must put to their neck in order to transmit sound into the throat. The vibrations create noise for the pathway of sound to emit into words and phrases. Terrie Hall’s appalling appearance on television caused the baffled viewer to ponder the message displayed.â€Å" It was the campaign's most popular spot by far, receiving more than 2. 8 million views on YouTube — more than any other CDC video ever posted online† (Associated Press par. 7). Unfortunately during this summer of 2013, Terrie’s cancer spread to her brain. No amount of radiation or surgery could have saved her life when Terrie Hall died in September of 2013. â€Å"She was a public health hero,† says Dr. Tom Frieden, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Frieden also mentions, â€Å"She may well have saved more lives than most doctors do† (par.2).By living in a visual world, companies frequently run advertisements using photoshopped pictures, so the image presented is near perfect in appearance. These pictures are not always reliable. Smoking can cause oral, throat, and lung cancer along with emphysema. Photographer Mike Stubbs’s photo of Terrie Hall focuses on his subject’s physical appearance not altered in ph otoshop, but by surgery. By presenting Terrie Hall, a former smoker, in this advertisement, states the harsh consequences of smoking.

Ceja Vineyards Marketing Analysis Essay

eja Vineyards’ Decision to Directly Market to the Hispanic Community Analysis The Case Study, â€Å"Ceja Vineyards: Marketing to the Hispanic Wine Consumer?† by Armand Gilinksy Jr., Linda I. Nowak, Cristina Santini, and Ricardo Villarreal deSilva (2010) outlines a critical decision a small, family owned winery in California is facing. The winery, Ceja Vineyards, is located in the Carneros region and is equally owned by four Mexican born immigrants of farm workers. Amelia Moran Ceja, President, and her husband Pedro Ceja, Artistic Director, along with Pedro’s brother Armando Ceja, Winemaker and Vineyard Manager, and his wife Armando Ceja comprise the ownership team. Amelia, Pedro, and Armando grew up working in the Napa Valley vineyards, and in 1983 purchased fifteen acres in the Carneros region to begin their own vineyard. They planted their first grapes in 1986, and had their first harvest in 1988. From 1989 to 2000 they purchased additional plots of land and planted a variety of grapes. Their wine grape growing company is named Vina del Sol. They produce enough grapes for 65,000 cases of wine per year. In 2001, the company took another large step and began producing their own wine, under the branded name Ceja Vineyards. Their wine is made using their own grapes grown by Vina del Sol. In 2002, Ceja Vineyards was named â€Å"Winery of the Year† by a panel of ninety wine writers. Now it is 2007, and their wine production has doubled almost every year to the current amount of 10,000 cases a year. Problem Identification The key issue in the case study is whether or not they should make a concerted effort to target Hispanics in their marketing efforts. They see the potential of marketing to Hispanics due to the influx in Hispanic population in the U.S., and the continued projected increase. Their main concerns, are that they will have to change their marketing strategies, and incur substantial promotional expenses. They also will not lower their wine prices just to market to Hispanics. Amelia wants the company to focus on direct sells to the consumer so they don’t have to depend on the current distribution system. Analysis To understand the present situation Ceja Vineyards is in and to best recommend a course of action, three analysis techniques were employed. These three are the SWOT Analysis, Porter’s Five Forces, and Value-Chain Analysis. SWOT Analysis A SWOT Analysis was applied first to the situation to assess the internal Strengths and Weaknesses, along with the external Opportunities and Threats. Ceja Vineyards has a multitude of Strengths. Their ownership knowledge is based on a lifetime of real world experience. They grew up picking grapes, and control every aspect of the company guaranteeing top quality. They have a unique history, in that they are Mexican immigrants and the company is family owned. The vineyard is in a premier location. Carneros was the first wine region based on climate rather than political boundaries. Their wine is estate grown using grapes from their wine growing company, Vina del Sol. The company is debt free from years of solid investing and planning. They implemented a wine club, to be able to sell directly to the consumer. Ceja Vineyards is not without its weaknesses. Their small production amount limits their marketing strategies due to not being able to compete head to head with the mega-wineries. They also have limited distribution due to their size, though the emergence of Boutique distributors and their wine club has helped. As for external factors, Ceja Vineyards looks to have a plethora of Opportunities to increase their demand. They could target the ever growing U.S. Hispanic Market. There are currently forty million Hispanics in the U.S., 20% who earn more than $100,000 per year. They are also projected to be the fastest growing population for the foreseeable future. In 2006, they had to turn people away from a wine tasting in Los Angeles because of the demand. Hosting more of these events could be beneficial. Their wine club members receive a discounted retail price, but Ceja Vineyards could introduce a â€Å"Rewards Program† for recruiting new members. The wine market has exploded in the 2000s, and has produced quite a few Threats for Ceja Vineyards. Competition has become fierce recently as the number of wineries grew by 26% from 2004-2007. The â€Å"three-tier system† for distribution does not favor small  wineries. It places a different tax rate dependent on state, and the â€Å"Big Five† distributing companies hold 52% of the distributing market. Boutique distributors are not able to operate in all states, and are always at threat of being purchased by the major distributors. Ceja Vineyards has done well for itself so far, but there is always the threat of growing too fast, without the required demand. The SWOT analysis shows a very high amount of strengths and opportunities that would suggest an aggressive strategy if not for Ceja Vineyards personal business strategy of slow growth. Porter’s Five Forces Porter’s Five Forces was next used to determine the competitive environment. The Five Forces method is used to determine a company’s profit potential for a particular industry.  The Threat of New Entrants – High. Despite the high start-up costs, and that vineyards and wineries are a long term investment, it has not stopped people from joining the market. In 2006-2007, 12,000 new brands were introduced to the market. The number of imports in the U.S. market has also grown. Most noticeably, imports priced above ten dollars, that would compete with Ceja Vineyards, have grown â€Å"44 percent annually from 2005-2007† (Gilinksy Jr., Nowak, Santini, and Villarreal deSilva, 2010, p. 15). The Bargaining Power of Buyers – High. The main buyer of wines from wineries are supermarkets and warehouse stores. These location account for 80% of wine retail sales. Another factor that is increasing the bargaining power of buyers is that there are few key buyers since the, â€Å"retail sector witnessed considerable consolidation in the early 2000s, due to mergers of both supermarkets and liquor store chains† (Gilinksy Jr., et al., 2010, p. 14). The Bargaining Power of Suppliers – Low. Suppliers in this instance, mean small market suppliers. Gilinksy Jr. et al. (2010) states, â€Å"The top ten wine companies in the U.S. controlled 82 percent of all shipments,† so while the larger producers may have some bargaining power, it doesn’t allow any for smaller quantity producing entities. The Threat of Substitute Products and Services – Low. Ceja Vineyards location is its greatest strength against the threat of substitute products and services. While there are other wine products, and other companies that sell even the same type of wine as Ceja Vineyards, there are only so many that can produce it using Carneros grapes. In the wine industry, the quality of your grapes are your biggest asset, and each location produces a distinct flavored grape. People who prefer Carneros grapes will only have so many options due to its limited size. The Intensity of Rivalry among Competitors in an Industry – High. As stated previously, the wine market is growing each year, both domestically and internationally. As is the number of wine producers which is outpacing the market growth. This combination makes it harder each year to create a demand for your product with so many options available to the consumer. Value-Chain Analysis To understand if a company has a competitive advantage or not, a Value-Chain analysis can be performed on the company’s business model. For this report, we will only focus on the primary activities of the Value-Chain analysis Inbound Logistics. Ceja Vineyards is classified as an estate-grown winery, because it is located in the same place the grapes are grown. The vineyard that grows the grapes, Vina del Sol, is owned by the same group so this makes this portion of inbound logistics ideal. Being located in California, also helps with the inbound logistics of bottles, corks, and bottle labels because California has the largest number of wineries per state in the United States. This is going to mean any supplies needed for wine making will be readily available. Operations. The four owners consist of two married couples, and each has an equally weighted vote in any decision. They are also family, and live nearby each other making communication easy, in theory. They also grew up around vineyards so all have a deep understanding of what is needed to run the business. The quality remains high because according to Pedro, â€Å"we’ve done quality control over every aspect, from growing to the cork that goes  into the bottle† Gilinksy Jr. et al. (2010). The only improvement to the operations side would be if Pedro quit his day job and focused his full attention on the winery. Outbound Logistics. This is the area that is the main issue for the Ceja’s. The industry is set up to cater to the mass producing wineries. To mass distribute their product they would have to use the â€Å"three-tier system†, which would only pay them 50% of the retail value of their product. Other options are the boutique distributors, but they can’t distribute to the entire U.S. This is why Amelia wants to sell directly to the consumer through their wine club, and tasting room to cut out the middle man and increase their profits. Marketing and Sales. The grape producing side of their company, Vina del Sol, is doing terrific. The demand for it is very high as it already has five companies on the waitlist to buy grapes. While, Ceja Vineyards sales have doubled each year since introducing their branded wine it is hard to judge the ceiling. This is mainly because the company has grown slowly, and been vigilant of growing too fast. The company realizes though, they have to decide on exactly how to market their product though if they want to continue increasing demand for it, and that is the issue we are trying to solve. Alternate Solutions The Ceja’s have multiple options they could take, and still be successful. The easiest option would be to change nothing. They have increased their revenue and profits each of the past three years according to their income statements. Also, they stated they had doubled their wine sales each year, and were ranked number 2 in Wine Business Monthly’s Hottest New Small Brands. With the growing wine market and critic accolades, they would probably continue to grow without changing anything. They could decide to target the entire Hispanic population, and market heavily. This mass marketing strategy would reach the most people, but would be very expensive. It would require an understanding from all the  owners that it could produce significant losses during the transition period. They could look at Round Hill Vineyards & Cellars as a blueprint. They did an ethnic outreach program in 2004 to target Hispanics and Asians. Their total case sales increased 400 percent from 2005 to 2006. Ceja Vineyards could work directly with their current Wine Club members, asking them for feedback on what made them join. Offer the members rewards for purchasing so many cases a year, or recruiting new members. Currently, half of the wine clubs 1000 members are of Hispanic descent. They could speak directly to this portion of the group to try more of a grassroots marking campaign. Ceja Vineyards could also market to only a portion of the Hispanic community. Since they refuse to lower their prices, they could market to the nine percent of Hispanics that make up the â€Å"mostly acculturated† percent of the Latino population. Wine consultant Sandra Gonzalez stated, â€Å"these Hispanic wine consumers are 96 percent more likely to spend $20 or more a bottle than non-Hispanics.† (Gilinksy Jr., et al., 2010, p. 14). Recommendations Ceja Vineyards in the enviable position of being a growing company with no debt in a growing market. After analyzing Ceja Vineyards’ business model and the state of the external environment, Ceja Vineyards should market to the Hispanic population. As of 2005, there were 12.5 million Hispanics in California alone. This is an enormous untapped market that if tapped into would allow Ceja Vineyards’ to rely less on the big distributors and more on direct to consumer sales. Ceja Vineyards’ should continue to grow their Wine Club through the use of promotions and a reward system, while also reaching out to the â€Å"mostly acculturated† percent of the Latino population. They should also look into the marketing strategies Round Hill Vineyards & Cellars employed to attract Hispanics and Asians to their brands.

Experiment to determine the presence of a single nucleotide Lab Report

Experiment to determine the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism in a gene - Lab Report Example Factors such as the recombination of genetics and the rate or mutation play a big role in determining the density of SNP (Kwak, J. 2007). The density of SNP could be predicted by the microsatellites presence. The microsatellites AT nucleotides are the potent SNP predictors of density with the repeated long tracts that can be found in areas of reduced SNP density and low content of GC nucleotides. SNP in a population is assigned the frequency of a minor allele (Shastry, B. 2002). This involves the less frequency of allele for SNP. In order to understand the occurrence of a single nucleotide polymorphism, an experiment was set to determine the presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism in a gene. The materials that were used in the experiment include: Sample 1, which was the Lambda DNA(ÃŽ »DNA) that was digested with Hindlll, Sample 2, which was a subjected DNA*PCR amplified for undigested WMIN gene, and sample 3, which was a subjected DNA * PCR amplified for the gene WMIN that was digested using Hindlll. The loading buffer was added to the provided samples. The contents of the loading buffer are a tracking dye, bromophenol blue, and glycerol that made possible for the samples to sink into the well of loading on the gel. During the experiment, the disposable gloves were worn to reduce the contamination of DNAase from the fingers. About 50 mL 0.8% w/v agarose gel was prepared. Gelred was added to agarose gel (Su MC, Y. 2008). The agarose gel was placed into the apparatus of electrophoresis, having the wells on the black end of the cathode. TBE running buffer was added to cover the gel to a level of 1-2 mm over the surface. About 4 µl quantity of samples having 100ng DNA was loaded from sample one to three inside the wells using P20 Gilson. The lid was put on, the power turned on and adjusted to about 100 v. The power was run for approximately 30 minutes up to when the blue tracker dye was about  ¾ of the gel. The power supply was turned off and the

Correctional Officers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Correctional Officers - Essay Example Penal establishments across the US both government and private impose less restrictive requirements for correctional officers. Age requirements are set at 18 to 21 years of age, must be a US citizen, have achieved at least a high school education and should have no record of criminal conviction. Post secondary education is important for those who want to get promoted in the future (US Labor Dept., 2007). However, the Federal Bureau of Prison's entry-level correctional officers should finish her bachelor's degree and a 3-year experience as a field counselor, or other applicable experience such as supervising and affording assistance to individuals. Officers in correctional facilities must be endowed with good health, as they are required to meet formal standards of physical fitness as well as eye and hearing assessments. Standardized tests are utilized in many jurisdictions in order to verify an individual's suitability to serve in correctional institutions. The Federal, State or county corrections department under the management and guidelines of the American Correctional Association and the American Jail Association provides trainings. Various State and local correctional agencies in the country have regional training centers as well. Training is afforded to all officers in all State and county correctional agencies, which include instructions on legal restrictions, improving inter personal relationships, firearms proficiency, and self-defense skill training. Training in these areas usually last to about several weeks or month depending on the institution, which gives the training. A training officer usually supervises these. Nevertheless, variations exist with regards entry requirements and training could vary from one agency to another (US Labor Dept., 2007). Subjects of study include 'institutional policies, regulations and operations as well as custody and security procedures." A 200-hour formal training is required for new Federal correctional officers who must also complete a specialized program under the Federal Bureau of Prisons. Furthermore, correctional officers also receive instructions on responding to riots, other threatening disturbances, hostage situations and dangerous confrontations. (US Labor Dept., 2007) Many of those with good educational background, long experience and effective training are given a chance to take the position of correctional sergeant who manages correctional officers, scheduling and supervising activities of the other correctional officers. Advancement and promotion is easy in a career like this as many officers can become supervisors and administrators and even become a warden. Other officers switch to other jobs related to their experiences or their interests (BOP 2007). Income and earnings of correctional officers vary. The median earning is set at about $28,000 in 1998 but increased to $33,600 in 2004. The upper half of the correctional officer earned between $26,560 and $44,200 while the lowest 10 percent of those who serve in these facilities incurred earnings of about $22,630. About 10 percent of correctional officers earned $54,820. Federal correctional officers receive a starting salary of about $26,747 a year in 2005. This is in fact slightly higher than the earnings receive by State and county

Report to the presentation 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Report to the presentation 4 - Essay Example The major strengths of both groups are that their presentations are colorful and attractive. They are comprised of visuals that are used to illustrate the main points covered in the topics being presented. Essentially, an effective power point presentation should be attractive and it should appeal to the interests of the targeted audiences. However, the main weakness I have noticed in each group presentation is that they are too brief and they lack adequate details to address the questions. A presentation that is not clear and precise is often difficult to understand. The targeted audiences often find it a bit challenging to grasp what the presenter is trying to say and this is a major weakness when presenting a certain topic to a certain group of people. The other issue is that both presentations were characterised by grammatical errors. For instance, the following statement obtained from the presentation about women being deleted from Ikea catalogue is grammatically incorrect. â₠¬Å"They don’t really applauded with it because in the end they had to apologized.† You can hardly understand the meaning of this statement. The following statement; â€Å"Chocolate makers free to choice their partners,† is also difficult to understand. Poor sentence construction is the major weakness characterising both presentations. I have noted that the presentations by the two groups have been briefly summarised and they are very short. Indeed, it is important to summarise the main points in the presentation but this should be done in such a way that the targeted audiences can grasp the main points presented. In case of these two presentations, the main points are too short and often difficult to understand. I think the two groups should have expanded a bit their points so that they could be easily understood by the targeted audiences. A presentation of this

The advantages and disavantages of being a military mother Research Paper

The advantages and disavantages of being a military mother - Research Paper Example Greater effort to gain the respect of her male colleagues D. Tendency not to forget the emotional trauma of war E. Limited freedom V. Conclusion VI. References The Advantages and Disadvantages of Being a Military Mother Which is worse – a male soldier urinating or a female soldier breastfeeding her two babies at the same time with her breasts fully exposed to her colleagues? Although everyone is entitled to his or her own opinion, there is a good chance that most people would think that the latter scenario is worse. There is definitely nothing wrong with women breastfeeding nor with women becoming soldiers, but it is simply too uncomfortable to see these female soldiers breastfeeding. Military mothers, just like any ordinary soldier, have served their own countries well, with even around 30,000 of them in the U. S. Army sent to Iraq and Afghanistan (Scott, 2010). Nevertheless, despite the honor of fighting for their country, military mothers face a whole lot of disadvantages t hat would have to make them either become more steadfast in their military duties or return to a more peaceful life as a civilian mother. Basically, the advantages of being a military mother are simply the benefits that a soldier receives. Military mothers are not treated differently from male servicemen just because they are female. One of the advantages of being a military mother is that they can avail of the usual benefits conferred to all members of the military. This includes relocation assistance services, money management services, family advocacy services, legal assistance services, deployment services, and child and youth services. Just like any serviceman, a military mother avails of relocation assistance services like briefings on how to adapt to transfers. Money management services consist of programs for the education and counseling of soldiers including military mothers on how to handle their finances, how to eliminate debt and how to spend their money wisely, whether or not on active duty. Family advocacy services refer to parent support groups that hold abuse prevention classes and at the same time provide assistance to families of soldiers and military mothers as well as those families with special needs. Legal assistance services are those that offer walk-in services for soldiers and military mothers as well when they need advice on personal legal matters, filing of income tax, preparation of wills, contracts, correspondence and other legal documents. Deployment services refer to briefings on how to manage new household budgets while military mothers are away from their children, how to maintain communication with the family, and how to prepare wills in case death occurs while the military mother is on active duty. Lastly, child and youth services are all about child care programs for soldiers including military mothers. These programs include sports and fitness programs as well as trainings on leadership, arts and recreation, as well as ment oring and education of young children. School transition support and outreach programs are also provided to the children of all soldiers. Most of these services are available to soldiers and military mothers through the Army Morale, Welfare and Recreation program of the government, where recreation, sports, travel, leisure and entertainment

How Colinization affected the history of American Indians Research Paper

How Colinization affected the history of American Indians - Research Paper Example When the European colonizers came in, they grabbed land from the American Indians mercilessly thinking that they have more than enough land for themselves. There are too many instances of land grabbing by European Colonizers but we can cite two of the most blatant case of land grabbing. The first case is John Winthrop’s land grabbing whereby it also intersected with religion which also changed the American Indian’s way of life. John Winthrop was the leader of the Puritans that settled in Massachusetts Bay Colony whereby they settled and took the lands of the Indians. John Winthrop was very blatant in his quest to take lands from the Indians because he thought that it was the Will of God for them to have lands in the New World because they, the Puritans were the chosen people of God and that they were entitled to take Indian lands. Thus when the Puritans sail to the New World on their ship Arbelia, he thought that taking the lands of the Indian is like entering a covenan t with God whereby they â€Å"shall be a city upon a hill. The eies of all people are upon us (Winthrop 68). Winthrop believed that the Puritans had a duty to fulfill their covenant with God by serving as an example of an ideal Christian community to the world in erecting a community on Indian lands (Gleason). Another is the case of land grabbing is California Foragers case. The California Foragers may not have religious undertone in their quest to take lands from Indians but their method was brutal. This happened after the Gold Rush of 1849 whereby the American Indians were the first settlers in the gold mines. When the Europeans came into California in 1542, they took the lands of the American Indians by force and thousands were needlessly massacred (www.funsocialstudies.com). The extent of the massacre was so massive that much of the cultural identities of

Behavior, Needs, and Motivations in a Hotel Environment Essay

Behavior, Needs, and Motivations in a Hotel Environment - Essay Example One of the recent trends in travel is in offering ‘green’ accommodations in which the lowest impact possible on the environment is applied to the experience. The following report has identified this potential trend and explores the ways in which the Radisson Edwardian Hotel in Manchester has met the needs of those interested in the topic of ’green’ travel and what ways in which it can further exploit this trend. 2. Process of Market Research in the Hospitality Industry Marketing research in the hospitality industry can be conducted through a five step process: define the problem and research objectives; develop the research plan; collect the information; analyze the information; and present the findings (Sudhir 2009, p. 41). Because the topic of this report is on sustainable and ‘green’ industry trends, the concept of responsible marketing will be taken into consideration as it is addressed by Sloan, Chen and Legrand (2006, p. 92) who state tha t there has been a shift away from the traditional methods of research towards a belief in the way in which marketing is produced should take a stakeholder point of view. The nature of the research should be to follow a concept from inception to application in order to assure it has produced an ethically viable result. Andrews (2009, p. 41) states that there are three criteria that should be examined in order to justify creating a marketing research program. The research should be focused on one or a combination of concepts that either define an exploratory topic that sheds light on an issue, a descriptive result which will shed light on a phenomenon, or a casual inquiry that explores a ’hunch’ that might be a benefit in the industry. The research that is used for researching the impact of ’green’ practices on the satisfaction of a guest at a hotel is through a descriptive model in order to describe the phenomenon of the trend and its impact on travel sta ys at a hotel. 3. Secondary Research Jenner and Smith (2008, p. 5) define green travel, in what is termed as a simple form, through stating that it involves traveling in such a manner as to do the least amount of harm to the environment. Travel, by its nature of using energy to get from one place to another, most often has a high impact on the environment. The idea is to minimize that impact as much as possible. According to Ching (2010), one of the best ways to create a green travel plan is to participate in a eco-friendly experience, engaging the out of doors with environmentally sustaining practices. However, it is not always possible to plan a vacation or business trip with camping as the mode of accommodations. The hotel industry has engaged the concept of green practices in order to present themselves as being environmentally friendly. As exampled in Table 1, which is table 6.4 from Yudelson (2008, p. 117), there are a series of ways in which green practices will benefit a hot el from a business point of view. As an example, in the United States, the Hilton Hotel in Vancouver, Washington received certification at the silver level for a modest investment in each room which provided ten times that in publicity returns (Yudelson 2008, p. 117). Seemingly small activities can provide a large benefit towards both green accreditation and towards

Systems And Analysis and Design Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Systems And Analysis and Design - Case Study Example The next step is to merge the pairs of state-transitions into fragments as well as to put up a state machine diagram together with the states in the right succession. Step four entails looking for simultaneous paths. The last step seeks for extra transitions (Satzinger, Jackson & Burd, 2012). The UML diagram employed to indicate the states and transitions of an object is the state machine diagram. It can be made for any problem domain classes with intricate behavior or for keeping track of status conditions (Satzinger, Jackson & Burd, 2012). The guard-condition is a test or qualifier on the transition and it is a true/false condition that should be satisfied prior to the transition firing. In order for a transition to fire, the trigger must take place, and the guard has to estimate to true (Satzinger, Jackson & Burd, 2012). The domain model class diagram is a particular case. The domain model is essential to recognize all the domain classes needed in the new system. The domain representation is as well used in designing the database. The domain model class diagram and the use case diagram are the major models out of which others get information. The internal descriptions like preconditions, as well as post conditions in these domains, make use of information in the class diagram. These comprehensive depictions are also imperative for making the system sequence diagrams. Consequently, the activity diagrams, in depth descriptions and system sequence diagrams should all be constant regarding the steps of a given use case (Satzinger, Jackson & Burd, 2012). Architectural design is an extensive design of the overall system structure. It is also known as conceptual design or general design. On the other hand, Detail design is a low-level design that entails the design of the explicit program details (Satzinger, Jackson & Burd, 2012). The domain model; generated during systems analysis, is used to

Admission letter for Maryland University Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Admission letter for Maryland University - Essay Example Also, working as a Finance Analyst is promising in China because of the support of the government, the society, and all other factors, which is enabling the Chinese finance market to develop in an incredibly fast rate. This is substantiated as many companies involved in Finance have succeeded and captured great profits. With all these said, this is just the beginning of how the finance in China will grow, benefit the economy, and foresee the booming of companies in the future. Thus, I would really like to take this opportunity to hone my passion and skill for Finance as it is a career path that would not only open a lot of opportunities for workers with financial background like me but at the same time provide fulfillment and success to society. To be able to achieve my life-long goal, I have set specific plans to get to it. First, I want to complete the CFA program after I finish my master science degree. I think this would be best for me to be well-equipped and be an asset in schoo l and society. Second, I want to find a job in the U.S in the finance related area not only because the United States has the best finance market in the world but more importantly because work experience in such a perfect market will strengthen my ability to do the finance jobs in a very lucrative market. After gaining some work experience, I will then go to an MBA program which could help improve to serve my countrymen. As for my long term goal, I want to set up my own finance company in China in the future. Knowing the finance market.

The Pizza Industry Essay Example for Free

The Pizza Industry Essay Strengths: ? Pizza is a food item loved and consumed by majority of the people in the world. This is proved by the figures shown in the slides before. ? Pizza outlets provide good taste, quality products with qualified staff, good atmosphere and hygienic environment. Motivation level of staff stays high which make the pizzerias more prosperous. Weaknesses: ? The Pizza outlets provide less range of products and they are usually high priced except for some other reasonable alternatives. In the Indian context, except for some new variants, they focus more on Western taste instead of Eastern. Opportunities: ? New markets can be explored and new opportunities can be sought. Diversification of products can increase their market share. They can reduce their prices because of more resources. They could also incorporate other service models in their structure. Threats: ? New entrants in the market can affect their market share. ? Other local restaurants can affect their market share by providing pizzas with lower price. ? Pizza Hut †¢ Founded in 1958. †¢Parent Company: Yum! Brands. †¢Pizza Hut â€Å"Bistro† †¢Pizza Hut Express and â€Å"The Hut† ? Place †¢ 12,500 restaurants across 91 countries. †¢147 stores across 35 cities in India †¢Mostly in higher income zone ? Products ? Price †¢ Range: 65 485 †¢Coupon worldwide and gift cards in developed countries †¢Pan 4 all ? Promotion †¢C. H. A. M. P. S (Cleanliness, Hospitality, Accuracy, Maintenance, Product quality and Speed) †¢3F? s ( Fun, Friendly and Familiar) †¢ Sponsored Back to the Future II †¢ MySpace Ted campaign †¢ Endorsed by Lara Dutta. Pizza Hut – BCG Matrix 1)P? Zone, from Calzone Garlic Cheese Bread 2)The Pan Pizza 3)Thin n Crispy 4)Dipping Strips ? Pizza Hut Target Markets ? Target audience is basically anyone and everyone who loves to eat pizzas. Age group of 12 to 30. Pizza has long been targeted to families, because of its ambience and the environment it offers in all its outlets. ? ? Ad Campaigns ? ? ? ? ? ? ? First Ad – about sharing Australia – 1980? s „Welcome Back? campaign Mexico – The Tomato sauce dip along with the pizza The „Great Indian Treat? „Full Punjabi? Roped in Ringo Starr for the campaign Pizza hut in the iphone !!!! ? Papa John’s †¢ Proven, streamlined operating system. †¢World-class franchise support and business consulting ? Place †¢ 3,400 restaurants worldwide †¢ Papa Johns is in all 50 states of US and approximately 40 international markets. †¢ High Income zone ?Products †¢ 4 different size of Pizza †¢24 Types of Pizza †¢6 Types of Starters †¢3 Types of pasta †¢4 Types of Salads ? Price †¢ Range: 85 – 495 †¢Offers and coupons ? Promotion †¢ Online Marketing †¢ B2B Mobile Marketing †¢ CEO in advertisement â€Å"People Are Priority Always† ? Domino’s Pizza †¢ Founded in 1960. †¢ Entered India in 1996. †¢8500 outlets across 55 countries. †¢250 outlets in India †¢USP- Quick Home delivery ? Products †¢Pizza (Available in 3 sizes and various tastes) †¢Garlic Bread †¢Pasta †¢Veg calojne †¢chicken wings †¢Sandwiches †¢ desserts ? Price †¢Price Range- Rs 35 to Rs 430. †¢Barbell Strategy of Pricing †¢Various combo offers ? Place †¢256 outlets in India †¢All major cities of India †¢Located in Malls and Posh areas †¢Outlets strategically placed to serve the home delivery in 30 minutes †¢Four outlets in Ahmedabad †¢Focus on Home delivery ? Promotion †¢Initially focused their ad strategy on banners, hoardings . †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Hungry Kya campaign †¢Tie up with MTNL – Hunger Helpline †¢Database based direct mailing strategy. †¢Localized taste †¢30 minutes home delivery. †¢Online Orders. †¢Advertisement by celebrities ? Domino? s Target audience ? Target Audience: ? Consumers who belong to the age group of 14 35 years ? People who love fast food and have been exposed to the western style of eating ? People who are upwardly mobile and on-the-go Ad Campaigns ? 1989 „One call does it all? Delivery in 30 minutes ? ? „Pizzamania? Chinese Pizza Fun Meal @ 45 /- ? ? †¢Most popular Pizza Outlet in Ahmedabad †¢ Started in 1999 in Ahmedabad †¢ By Sankalp Group of Restaurants †¢ Presence in Rajasthan and Gujarat †¢ USP- Unlimited Buffet †¢ Focus on American Taste of Pizza ? Products †¢ Soups †¢ Pizza (available in 3 sizes and variety of tastes) †¢ Garlic Bread †¢ Salad ( 34 types of salad) †¢Deserts? Price †¢Price for Pizza ranges from Rs 60 to Rs 335 †¢ Differential pricing for Unlimited Buffet at Rs 99. †¢Strategy focuses on high volume of sales at low margin. †¢Various combo offers called Meal Deals ? Place †¢Located in 7 cities of Gujarat and Rajasthan. †¢ Total number of outlets – 9 †¢ 3 outlets in Ahmedabad. †¢Located at Posh areas of cities. †¢ Express outlets at Maninagar ? Promotion †¢Unlimited Buffet in lunch and dinner is a big hit. †¢Design your own pizza. †¢Ambience based on American theme. †¢Increasing the number of outlets. †¢ Free home delivery. †¢Kids Birthday Party Offer. †¢More Variety of Food. ? One special mention from Tanzania ? Marketing through blogs http://vishalacharya. wordpress. com ? Business to a range of other products ? Emerging Players ? Papa John? s Pizza Express ? ? Vieira Pizza California Pizza Kitchen Largento? s Pizza. ? ? ? California Pizza Kitchen †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ A casual dining chain with 252 restaurants Signed franchise agreements with two partners It expects to open a minimum of 15 restaurants Premium restaurants targeting High End Customers It has 27 existing restaurants around the globe This Los Angeles-based chain is known for its unconventional menu items ? E-Pizza ? It will be placed in the food and entertainment business. Triangle shaped pizza kid? s meal called the E-Meal Custom line of distinguishable Mini Coopers delivering pizzas and movies ? ? ? Additional data Frequency for Pizza Deciding factor for Pizza 6% 16% 12% 10% 21% Every two weeks Once a month 51% Once two month Once three month 17% 8% 4% 8% Cost Quality of Pizza Quality of Service 47% Queue Location/proximity Brand Ambience ? Additional data Preferred Complimentary With Pizza 0% 16% 14% Ice cream Cold drink Salad 70% Other 10% 0% 21% 57% 8% Preferred Outlet 4% Pizza hut. Uncle Sams Dominos Papa jones US Pizza No specific ? Interesting Facts ? Americans eat approximately 100 acres of pizza EACH DAY, or about 350 slices per second. There are approximately 69,000 pizzerias in the United States. Pizzerias represent 17% of all restaurants. (Source: Food Industry News) Pizza accounts for more that 10% of all foodservice sales. (Source: Food Industry News. ) 93% of Americans eat AT LEAST one pizza per month. (Source: Bolla Wines. ) 66. 66% of Americans order pizza for a casual evening with friends. (Source: Bolla Wines. ) ? ? ? ? ? ? Interesting Facts? Each man, woman and child in America eats and average of 46 slices, (23 pounds), of pizza per year. (Source: Packaged Facts, New York. ) Italian food ranks as the most popular ethnic food in America. (Source: National Restaurant Association. ) A study done by a U. S. Department of Agriculture statistician and home economist found that in a three-day survey period, 42% of children between the ages of 6 and 11 had eaten pizza. (Source: Smithsonian Magazine. ) 94% of the population of the U. S. eats pizza. (Source: Parade Magazine. ) ? ? ? ?Link to see pizzerias around the world http://www. business. com/directory/f ood_and_beverage/restaurants_and_ foodservice/restaurant_chains/pizza/ ? References †¢Industry Facts. Retrieved August 8, 2009, from Wikipedia: http://pizzaware. com/facts. htm †¢Advertisements of other brands. Retrieved August 8, 2009, from Wikipedia: http://www. pmq. com/index. php †¢Pizza. Retrieved August 8, 2009, from Wikipedia: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pizza †¢History of Pizza. Retrieved August 8, 2009, from Wikipedia: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_pizza †¢Pizza. Retrieved August 8, 2009, from All Facebook Interview: http://www. allfacebook. com/2009/02/pizza-hut-facebook/ †¢Pizza Hut from Wikipedia: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pizza_Hut †¢Pizza Hut Celebrates Successful Delivery to Space from space. com: http://www. space. com/news/spacestation/space_pizza_010522. html †¢Papa John’s: www. papajohnsindia. com †¢Pizza Hut: www. pizzahut. co. in †¢Papa Johns Pizza from Wikipedia: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Papa_John%27s_Pizza ? References †¢Industry Facts. Retrieved August 18, 2009, from Wikipedia: http://pizzaware. com/facts. htm, http://www. pizzamarketplace. com/ †¢Advertisements of other brands. Retrieved August 18, 2009, from Wikipedia: http://www. franchisedirect. com/foodfranchises/pizzafranchises †¢Pizza. Retrieved August 18, 2009, from Wikipedia: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pizza †¢Current scenario of The Pizza Industry . Retrieved August 18, 2009, from http://www. pizzatoday. com/ †¢Pizza references and updates. Retrieved August 18, 2009, from http://ask. reference. com/information/Food_and_Drinks/Pizza-Industry †¢Snapshot of the Pizza Industry. Retrieved August 18, 2009, from http://www. franchisedirect. com/foodfranchises/pizzafranchises/ Time to go and grab a bite !

Business Ethics And Cross Cultural Management Commerce Essay

Business Ethics And Cross Cultural Management Commerce Essay Ethics, or more accurately, the lack of ethics, on the part of business and government leaders has lately received significant attention in the mass media and has been a topic of discussion among the public, as well as the different organizations in the world (Peppas 2002). Business ethics has gained the attention of many scholars and executives in both private and public sectors because of many unethical practices that are being reported. This includes the cases of large multinational organizations including Enron (Rashid Ibrahim 2007). This is the reason why many studies about cultural differences and business ethics have been implemented in the past years. This literature review is conducted in order to analyze and evaluate the arguments regarding the different aspects that are related with business ethics and differences in cultures. Implications of Business Ethics The concept about ethics is considered as a complex matter because it is predicated on an interchange of views regarding the belief systems of individual among the citizens of any culture (Svensson Wood 2003). The study of business ethics and its connection for the stakeholders of organizations have experienced fast growth in the past few decades. The literature about business ethics is divided on its views regarding the motivation and the cause for organizations to have their ethical dimension. The study of Harrison (2001) showed that there are two main schools of thoughts first are those who suggest that firms are operating in order to generate profit, therefore, business ethics is considered as another means of attracting the customers, while the second are those who supported some corporate conscience as well as inherent motivation for the implementation of business ethics. On the other hand, Paul (2001) considered business ethics are very subjective in nature because it is a function of time and culture therefore, the business ethics have changed, together with the cultural values and norms motivated the business ethics in the national and regional boundaries. The study of Hofstede (1983) is considered as one of the most important studies which show the differences of countries or nations in terms of cultures and values. The study showed that there are 4 vital indicators which include individualism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity which shows great differences in the culture among different nations. The study of Vinten (1991) divided the issues of business ethics in different degree, which include international business, domestic business and professional ethics. Each level constitute for different level of some unethical activities perform by organizations and businesses. Even though, there are many studies which show importance of ethics, and even though it is being followed by different organizations, there are still many reasons and disapproval of adoption of ethics in the world of business. This is connected to the study of Stemberg (1994) which focuses on the case of rejected relativism. It stated that ethics is seen as excessively theoretical, at the same time, contradict the primary reason of any business and it is also lacking of direction in terms of harmony across the different cultures. Business Ethics and Cultural Differences One of the challenges that business ethics is facing is the impact of globalization. As a result, it is common nowadays, for business managers and employees to work with and for people from different nations and races which represents many different cultural values. It is important to consider that culture affects virtually all of the aspects of the business relationship. This is because one aspect, that of business ethics, can cause huge conflict and gross misunderstanding between individuals who do not share the same backgrounds (Sims 2006). With this, the attitudes of individual towards the business ethics may be different greatly even within one culture that trying to come to an agreement across cultures can become nearly impossible. Thus, it may be that an agreement on ethics across cultures is not even recommended (Donaldson Dunfee 1999). Furthermore, in culturally homogenous groups, there is a greater possibility that values of individual members of the team will match. Howev er, because the because of the growing number of cross-cultural organizations, it is important to focus on this subject. Business ethics can be seen as a function of culture because the evolution of culture in the environment of the business will surely affect the acceptable and unacceptable actions inside and outside the organization. Different studies across cultures have been performed in the literature of ethics on the international level such as: Jakubowski et al., 2002; Fisher et al., 2001; Seitz, 2001; and Singhapakdi et al., 1999; and the national level which include Peppas Peppas, 2000; and Fernandez-Fernandez et al., 1999 (Svensson Wood 2003). The study of Singhapakdi Rawwas (1999) shows that the business ethics are considered as essential in the international business, because the culture of individual affect their ethical decisions. It presented that there are some vital differences between the countries, thus it is important to focus on those in order to ensure success of organizations. In connection, Vinten (1998) argues that business ethics has the possibility to become a vital factor of corporate strategy and culture, thus it must be considered in internal and external ethical audit. On the other hand, the study of Hood and Longsdon (2002) showed the similarities and differences of cultural values of managers in three countries. The result showed that one of the vital components of culture is ethics. Therefore, this factor of culture survives as a possible strong influence towards the success of the organizations in the entire marketplace. Bucar Glas (2002) expand a conceptual framework for the evaluation of the cross-cultural differences in the ethical attitudes of business people that are based on the theory of social contract. The result of the study showed that prognostic of the degree of the ethical attitudes among the societies and they focus on the more delicate influence of many social institutions on the ethical attitudes of different groups within the society. On the other hand, according to Sen (1997), in the concept of the role of cultures in the m otivating norms of the behavior of business, it is important to be familiar with the compound structures of principles of business, at the same time, focuses on the wide-ranging contact of sentiments. Business Ethics Theory and Practice Gap The article of Stark (1993) presented the gap between the theory and practice in business ethics. According to Stark (1993) academic researches about business ethics failed to present useful guidance towards the managerial decision-making regarding the different ethical issues. Particularly, this applies on the added urgency that some of the most complex ethical issues which happen in the international arena. This was supported by Dean (1998) who stated that the field of business ethics must also include a service aspect if it is to be considered as the profession of business ethics. This focuses on the qualification of business ethics as profession. Thus, the question lies on the capability of the business ethics as the leading or conducting behavior in the business world, thus, it pertains on whom the field of business ethics is focusing. In addition, the international business ethics can only be deemed a profession based on its tangible and existing advantage towards the actual or real-world risks and threats. Conclusion Business ethics is a vital aspect in any organization and business. This is because it enables them to focus on planning and implementing rules and regulations, standards and policies that will be beneficial to everyone by applying what is right and what is with accordance to the law. However, because of globalization, business ethics is facing different criticism and possible problem. This is because of the fact that culture affects how an individual or group perceives one thing or situation as good or bad. Therefore, it is important to focus on the different cultural factors in order to ensure future success of business world. Annotated Bibliography Morgan, E 1998, Navigating Cross-Cultural Ethics: What Global Managers Do Right To Keep From Going Wrong, Butterworth-Heinemann. This is a textbook which shows the personal stories of managers who are running global business. It focuses on analyzing the different dilemmas that global managers are facing in terms of ethical leadership in international business. Svensson, G Wood, G 2003, The Dynamics of Business Ethics: a Function of Time and Culture Case and Models, Management Decision, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 350 361. This is a journal which examines the construct of ethics as a whole and of the business ethics in specific manner. Furthermore, it also offers a theoretical discussion of the dynamics of ethics in the society and in the marketplace. Gannon, M Newman, K 2002, The Blackwell Handbook of Cross-Cultural Management, Wiley-Blackwell. This textbook offer an overview of the different major research perspectives about cross-cultural management and ethics, it includes theories about ethics and cultures, together with how it can be applied in the real-world. Ferrell, O C, Fraedrich, J Ferrell, L 2006, Business Ethics: Ethical Decision Making and Cases, Cengage Learning. This textbook presents complex environment where in the managers face different ethical decision making. This include how cultural differences can affect how managers and members of the company perceive changes and decisions inside the company. Weiss, J 2008, Business Ethics: A Stakeholder and Issues Management Approach, Cengage Learning. This textbook presented the different issues that are related with the business ethics. This includes information about the impact of differences in cultures among different nations working in the business environment. Katsioloudes, M Hadjidakis, S 2007, International Business: A Global Perspective, Butterworth-Heinemann. This textbook enables to present the different theories and changes going on in the business environment in international arena. This will be helpful in order to locate information which pertains on the different challenges which global managers will be facing in terms of decision-making.

Important Role In Job Design Management

Important Role In Job Design Management The topic which I choose for my research is the impact of job enrichment and enlargement on employee motivation and performance. I intend to find the factors which play an important role in Job design which is constituted of job enrichment and job enlargement so that they could best motivate employees and in turn enables them give their best performance. Organization is the strength of any business. The more organized and efficient the different components in the business are, the better it functions and produces. Therefore jobs must be enlarged and enriched keeping in mind what is best in the interest of an organization. I would like to mention here what is job enrichment and job enlargement. What are their Pros and Cons, and their effectiveness? Job enrichment basically refers to the concept of improvement in job or an increase with the help of upgrading and development. For example if you are a typist by job enrichment you will have to type and proof read as well. It also stresses upon the concept of employee satisfaction in respect to their position and personal growth potential. Job enrichment involves organizing and planning in orderÂÂ  to gain more control over their duties and work as a manager. The execution of plans and evaluationÂÂ  of results motivates workers and relieves boredom. Job enlargement on the other hand means adding more duties or increasing the workload to the same job. It provides the chance of enhancement and more productivity for employees. For example if you are a typist and you type 20 pages per day by job enlargement you will have to type 30 pages per day. Job enlargement is a vehicle employers use to put additional workload on employees, perhaps in economical downtime. By adding or inc reasing the responsibilities employees are also getting a chance of enhancement and more productivity. In literary terms job enlargement is the expansion of job context to include a wider variety of tasks and to increase the workers freedom of pace, responsibility for checking quality and discretion for method. Therefore to summarize the major differences between the two we can state that job enrichment, when compared to job enlargement, not only includes more duties and responsibilities, but also gives the right of decision making and control. Apart from that job enlargement is horizontal where as job enrichment is vertical expansion of work. But both the forces Job enlargement and job enrichment are useful for motivating workers to perform their tasks enthusiastically. It is through job design organizations try to raise productivity levels by offering non monetary rewards such as greater satisfaction. Job enrichment and job enlargement are such techniques used in job design exerci se. Statement of problem Job design is the intentionally planned structuring of work effort performed by an individual. There is increasing evidence that poorly designed jobs now a days is a persistent social problem affecting the performance of employees. Justification for the topic The reason I choose this topic was because of the fact to identify factors which play important role in job design so that it could best motivate the employees and in return they give best performance. Scope of study The scope of the study is focus on the impact of job enrichment and job enlargement and how employees respond to it in terms of their performance and how motivated they get. Back ground Information Job design with the concept of job enrichment and job enlargement came about with rapid technological advancements at the turn of the 20th century when mass production and assembly line operations emerged. As jobs continue to become more sophisticated and specialized, the need for an educated and motivated workforce has become indispensable. The nature of work and its organization has interested managers, economists and social scientists for as long as people have been employed by others to engage in productive activity. Managers have largely been interested in maximizing output from available resources. Economists and social scientists have raised questions about the organization of work in relation to issues of the individual and society in general. It is also important for the HR departments of organizations to understand the importance of job design. As Well-designed jobs help to accomplish two important goals: getting the necessary work done in a timely and competent manner, and motivating and challenging employees. According to Hackman and Lawler (1971) a job will be motivating and intrinsically only if it high on all five of the core dimensions which are skill, variety, autonomy, task identify and feedback. It is only then that an employee would perform better than expected. Related definitions Job design: It refers to the process of determining exactly what an employee does on the job: the tasks, duties, responsibilities, decision-making and the level of authority. Job enrichment: Job enrichment adds newÂÂ  sourcesÂÂ  ofÂÂ  job satisfactionÂÂ  by increasing the level ofÂÂ  responsibilityÂÂ  of theÂÂ  employee. It is also calledÂÂ  job enhancementÂÂ  orÂÂ  vertical job expansion. Job enlargement: Job designÂÂ  techniqueÂÂ  in which the number ofÂÂ  tasksÂÂ  associatedÂÂ  with aÂÂ  job is increased and appropriateÂÂ  trainingÂÂ  provided to add greater variety toÂÂ  activities, thus reducing monotony. It is a horizontalÂÂ  restructuringÂÂ  methodÂÂ  in that the job is enlarged by adding related tasks. Job enlargement may alsoÂÂ  resultÂÂ  in greaterÂÂ  workforce flexibility. Job involvement: The degree, to which an employee identifies with his job, actively participates in it, and considers his job performance important to his self-worth. Internal motivation: Learners are motivated from within by personal needs or wants that are positive in nature such as a desire to succeed or love of learning. High morale: High morale is a concept that states high emotional or mental condition with respect to cheerfulness and confidence. Job performance: Job performance is a commonly used, yet poorly defined concept in industrial and organizational psychology, the branch of psychology that deals with the workplace. It most commonly refers to whether a person performs their job well. Despite the confusion over how it should be exactly defined, performance is an extremely important criterion that relates to organizational outcomes and success. Problem development The reason why I am conducting this research is to judge the impact of job enrichment and job enlargement on employee performance. As we know that the concepts of job design that include enrichment and enlargement are not widely used in Pakistan, therefore this research will give a proper perspective on how job enrichment and enlargement impacts employee performance. Secondly because of the fact that whether these concepts of job design will be helpful to motivate employees, increase employee performance and productivity. Literature review Job design and its approaches are usually considered to have begun with scientific management in the year 1900. Pioneering scientific managers such as Taylor (1947), Gilbreth (1911), and Gilbreth and Gilbreth (1917) systematically examined jobs with various techniques. They suggested that task design might be the most prominent element in scientific management. Robert A. Karasek (1971) described some implications of job redesign. He explained that job enrichment and job enlargement helps employees to develop new skills and face new challenges. Job enrichment specially is the major driving force for the employees that motivate them to perform much better. It was also observed that well designed jobs have a positive impact on employee satisfaction and quality performance. Another important factor stressed upon by Robert A. Karasek was that some employees do not have the motivation that is repetitive to the enriched job. This results in less satisfaction and lower work output. According to Argyris (1964) and Blauner (1964) simple, routine, non challenging often produce dissatisfaction and demoralization of workers. They suggested that for optimal worker motivation tasks should be enlarged rather than simplified. In a no. of different experiments it has been showed job enlargement has a positive impact on motivation and performance. With respect to the design of individual jobs, the first major theory was that of Herzberg and his colleagues (Herzberg 1959). Their two-factor theory distinguished between two types of factors, namely motivators, which are intrinsic to the work itself (e.g. achievement, recognition, and responsibility), and hygiene factors, which are extrinsic to the work (e.g. work conditions, pay, and supervision). The proposition was that the hygiene factors are absolutely necessary to maintain the human resources of an organization. According to Hertzbergs theory, only a challenging job has the opportunity for achievement, recognition, advancement and growth that will motivate personnel. According to Hackman and Lawler (1971) a job will be motivating and essentially satisfying only if it is high in all 5 core dimensions. The core dimensions are autonomy, task identity, feedback, variety and skill. It is only then a person finds that performing well leads to important intrinsic rewards such as feeling of heightened self-esteem, personal growth and worth wile accomplishments. Finally it was proposed that only people who have strong desire for higher order need satisfaction will respond to jobs that are high on all core dimensions. That is unless workers value feeling of accomplishment and growth; they will be unlikely to respond positively to a job which is structured to provide opportunities for their attainment through hard work. It was found that when jobs were high on all core dimensions employees who were desirous of higher order need satisfaction tended to have high morale, high work motivation, few absences from work and be rated by their supervisors doing high quality work. Thus this theory emphasized a job high on all core dimensions will result in higher motivation and better results in terms of performance. According to Podsakoff (1996) enriched jobs have been found to provide fundamentally satisfying tasks and job enrichment is positively related to a wide variety of employee attitites and performance. As stated by John R. Cook (1997) the objective of good job design is to design jobs which allow people to perform tasks in a safe, efficient and economical manner which facilitate the realization of various organizational goals such as profit and increased production. The goal of job enrichment is to improve employee satisfaction and performance by increasing job scope vertically allowing opportunities for personal achievement, recognition and growth. Job enrichment principles were largely associated with the phenomena that enriching a job is proposed to increase positive work outcomes that is motivation and performance and decrease negative outcomes which included stress and boredom. Problem definition The impact of job enrichment and job enlargement on employee motivation and performance. Statement of study objectives Hypothesis H0: Job enrichment does not have a positive impact on employee performance. H1: Job enrichment has a positive impact on employee performance. H0: Job enlargement does not have a positive impact on employee performance. H1: Job enlargement has a positive impact on employee performance. Theoretical framework Job enrichment Robert A. Karasek, Jr (1979) J.Lee (2004) Boredom Strain Job dissatisfaction Physiological distress Intellectual stimulation Diversified workforce Employee performance Employee motivation Innovation Job enlargement Edward E Lawler (1973), John R cook (1997), J.Lee (2004) More opportunities Develop new skills High morale High work motivation Variable reference list Robert A. Karasek, Jr.(1979) Job Demands, Job Decision Latitude, and Mental Strain: Implications for Job Redesign. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 24, No. 2 (Jun., 1979), pp. 285-308. Edward E Lawler , J Richard Hackman (1973) Effects of Job Redesign: A Field Experiment. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 1973, 3, 1, pp. 49-62. J.Lee Whittington, Viki L Goodwin (2004) Transformational leadership, goal difficulty, and job design: Independent and interactive effects of employee outcome. Leadership quarterly 15 (2004) 593-606 John R. Cook (1997) Job enrichment and mental workload in computer based work: implications for adaptive job design. International journal of industrial Ergonomics 24 (1999) 13-23. Christopher Orpen (2001) Effect of job Enrichment on employee satisfaction, motivation, involvement and performance. A field experiment. Department of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand, 1, Jan Smuts Avenue, Johannesburg 2001, South Africa. Michael J. Smith, Pascal C. Sainfort (1989) A balance theory of Job design for stress reduction. Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 U.S.A. Received 17 October 1988;ÂÂ  accepted 5 January 1989.ÂÂ   Available online 27 February 2003. Theoretical justification As I have stated earlier that job enrichment and job enlargement are the most important aspects of job design in order to motivate employees so that they give better performance. The variables mentioned in the framework basically represent that why job enrichment and job enlargement is there and what are their implications. All variables are directed towards increasing employee motivation and performance. The framework shows that through job enrichment and job enlargement according to the variables (Boredom, Strain, Job dissatisfaction, Physiological distress, and Intellectual stimulation) a job can be made more interesting with reduced levels of boredom and repetitive movements which will in turn motivate employees to perform exceedingly well than anticipated. Job enrichment also intellectually stimulates employees as think out of the box, thus motivating them towards better performance. Apart from that diversified workforce and innovation are two such variables that are positively related to employee performance. The more diversified and specialized a job the better is the performance as all specialist ar put to work. Lastly through innovation as well employees tend to perform really well. Elements of research design Type of research: Applied Study setting: Natural Nature of data: primary data Unit of analysis: organizations Reference period: (Jan- Aprill 2011) Survey research: working population Statement of analytical approach: qualitative and quantitative questionnaires if required statistical modeling Limitations Respondents bias Time constraints (less sample size) Complete access to different departments of an organization References used www.jstor.com www.sceincedirect.com www.google.scholar.com www.businessdictionary.com http://www.allbusiness.com/human-resources/employee-development/100470-1.html

Is American Patriotism Also Blind Patriotism? Essay examples -- Americ

It seems that patriotism is one of the most common terms used during times of war. Governments often use propaganda about nationalism to advocate their political views of the hostilities. Sometimes they even force patriotism on their constituents with fear-mongering techniques, which can have dangerous implications. That’s not to say that patriotism is inherently bad—many wars have been won for just causes because of it. However, it is a mistake to only think of war at a national level. There are devastating effects on the soldiers, families, and victims of war hostilities. The stories read this week discuss the struggle between concern for macro-society (patriotism) and micro-society (family/personal interests) during war. While no narrative completely rejects the idea of macro-society, they clearly emphasize the greater importance of micro-society and the consequences of patriotism. â€Å"Loyalties† is the first story which discusses the concept of macro and micro-society. It centers on a family living in an African village during the Nigerian civil war. The father and schoolmaster seem to be the most loyal characters from the beginning, as they are large supporters of the new Biafra. However, by the end of the tale they have switched their allegiances back to Nigeria. Their perspectives clearly reflect the bigger concept of the macro-society. There is an element of humor in the way they switch so drastically from one side to the next. The mother, on the other hand, represents concern for the micro-society, because she only cares about the tasks of everyday life. The tone of the story clearly favors the mother’s perspective. After all, she is the only character whose loyalties remain true throughout the entire story, and the author pokes fun at the politics of the men. Even the mother sees the humor in it all, telling her son, â€Å"Go and collect the goat†¦after all he is now a Biafran goat so we must take better care of it† (144). At the conclusion of this story it is apparent that the concept of macro-society during war has certain limitations and weaknesses, which can greatly impact the individuals and families involved. Just as â€Å"Loyalties† discusses the flaws of patriotism, â€Å"Peace and War† explains the failings of micro-society. It depicts two men who go to war every day and treat it as business. They are casual about their job because the war is at a ... ...e and honor when they are far from the field of battle, as this girl is. Yet when there are personal ties, it is much harder to accept the concept, just as Biyumi struggles with his sense of nationalism. Although many of these stories have specific settings and historical significance, they also speak to today’s world. We have seen a great shift toward patriotism in the years following the attacks of September 11, 2001. It would be wrong not to respect the soldiers who have fought bravely for the United States since that time, just as it was wrong for the wife in â€Å"Peace and War† to underestimate the dangers around her. However, we must also honor the micro-society, both here and in other parts of the world. Will our actions as a nation lead our soldiers into traumatic situations like the soldier in â€Å"An Easy Death†? Or will we consider the families and communities involved, saving ourselves from micro-societal damage? I only hope that we can learn from stories such as these and not take our â€Å"blind† patriotism too far. Works Cited Global Cultures. A Transnational Short Fiction Reader, ed. by Elisabeth Young-Bruehl (University Press of New England, Hanover and London, 1994)

feminaw Portrayal of Men in Kate Chopins The Awakening Essay

The Portrayal of Men in The Awakening When Kate Chopin develops the male characters in her novel, The Awakening, she portrays men in a very objectionable light. For the most part, her men are possessive, cowardly and self-serving. She seems a trifle unfair and biased in her portrayal of men, yet this view is necessary for Chopin to get her point across. She uses the characters of Mr. Pontellier, Robert, Alcee and a few other men to demonstrate her observations of the middle class man in the society of her day. Firstly, Mr. Pontellier represents Kate Chopin's supposition that in society men objectify women. A wife is a man's property, he "looks at his wife as one looks at a valuable piece of property which has suffered some damage"(44) and his possession, "he greatly valued his possessions, chiefly because they were his"(99). Mr. Pontellier treats Edna like a child, commanding and demeaning her,"Send him about his business when he bores you,' instructed her husband"(45) while also scolding her "he reproached his wife with her inattention, her habitual neglect of the children"(48). At the same time, he requires that she play the role of his wife,"Tuesday being Mrs. Pontellier's reception day..attired in a handsome gown, she remained in the drawing-room the entire afternoon receiving her visitors"(100). Chopin also uses Pontellier to indicate that she conceives men as dominating, for example, on page 77 and 78, when Edna refuses to go inside, Mr. Pontellier joins her outside and waits until s he decides to go in. Chopin also shows Pontellier taking out his anger at Edna for going out on Tuesday afternoon, by complaining about the cook(108). Next,Alcee Arobin symbo... ... confidence to me, perhaps I might help you. I know I would understand, and I tell you there are not many who would--not many, my dear(171), "I don't want you to blame yourself, whatever comes"(172). Unfortunately, it is already to late, for when Edna returns and finds Robert's note, her grief can not be contained. After she swims out , she looks back and thinks "perhaps Doctor Mandelet would have understood if she had seen him--but it was too late"(176). Put simply, Kate Chopin uses The Awakening to exercise her observations of men in her society. In the present, it is hard to see her accusations as accurate since society has changed considerably. But regarding the time and setting of her story, Chopin's views are quite accurate and fair, although unappealing to the men who read her book, which eventually made her and The Awakening so unpopular.

Essay examples --

The Not So Great Macbeth In â€Å"Macbeth† written by William Shakespeare the main character Macbeth is a general in the Scottish army. After Macbeth and Banquo another general return from battle they encounter three witches the witches give Macbeth and Banquo three Prophesies. The witches prophesy that Macbeth will be made thane (a rank of Scottish nobility) of Cawdor and eventually King of Scotland. They also prophesy that Banquo will produce a line of Scottish kings although Banquo will never become king himself. King Duncan’s men come to thank the two generals for their victories in battle and to tell Macbeth that he has been named thane of Cawdor. The previous thane betrayed Scotland by fighting for the Norwegians and Duncan has condemned him to death. Macbeth’s wife Lady Macbeth hears about king Duncan coming to their castle and try’s to persuade Macbeth to murder king Duncan. He and Lady Macbeth plan to get Duncan’s two chamberlains drunk so they will black out; th e next morning they will blame the murder on the chamberlains, who will be defenseless, as they will remember nothing. While Duncan is asleep, Macbeth stabs him, despite his doubts and a number of supernatural visions, including a vision of a bloody dagger. Macbeth now becomes king and Fearful of the witches’ prophecy that Banquo’s heirs will seize the throne, Macbeth hires a group of murderers to kill Banquo and his son Fleance. They ambush Banquo on his way to a royal feast, but they fail to kill Fleance, who escapes but kills Banquo. Lady Macbeth later kills herself while sleepwalking and Macbeth becomes depressed. Later Macduff comes with his army and beheads Macbeth. And Malcolm becomes king. In Shakespeare’s ... ...control his fate is when he goes to the witches and they show him a line of kings who all resemble Banquo, suggesting that Banquo’s sons will indeed be kings. â€Å" Thou art too like the spirit of Banquo. Down! Thy crown does sear mine eyeballs† (pg. 386) So Macbeths sends murders to go kill Bonquo and his son Fleance But they only kill Bonquo and his son Fleance escapes which means that he could still possibly become king and that angered Macbeth so that showed that Macbeth wouldnt let anything mess up his fate and that he is trying to control every aspect of it and that he would go to great lengths to control it. So all of those examples were of how Macbeth tried to seal his fate and just how far he would go to Control it but in the end like all things it came to an end and Macbeth really couldn’t do much at that point to control his fate and was beheaded by Macduff.

Copyright infringement case between Leibovitz and Paramount Pictures Corporation Essay

Copyright infringement case between Leibovitz and ParamountPictures Corporation Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Copyright infringement is the duplication, circulation, presentation, or cradling of a copyrighted part of work lacking the clear approval of the copyright holder or owner. The idea of Infringement is a strict offense that interrupts different limited rights granted to those who on copyright (Gerstenblith, 2004). In this case, the ad adds a bit new and succeeds as a transformative exertion. In addition, because the grinning face of Neilsen differentiate the serious appearance of Moore, the advertisement may practically be alleged as remarking on the solemnity of the original, conveying it within one of the purposes. Idea that the ad is diverse from the original is not negative as to whether it comments. Here, the ad varies in a way that may practically be alleged as remarking through tease on the seriousness borne in the original or the attractiveness of the expectant female physique. Therefore, the parody was used to stimulate a marketabl e product that is the motion picture and the stable parodist nature of the advertisement balances in favor of ruling fair use (Sobel, 1979).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, referring to the infringement case between photographer Leibovitz and the paramount pictures corporation, the case is entitled to little safety under the fair application of defense. The circumstance that the copyrighted work is innovative from the photographer and thus adjacent to the principal purpose of copyright protection is implausible to supplement much in terms of parody examination because parodies defines expressive works, this means that Leibovitz was all right since little attention is given to the issue in the general analysis because it ascends in the background of parody. This parody will possibly not influence the market for the unique copy because the parody and unique usually serve diverse market purposes. According to the appellant, the advertisement did not hamper with a market for her photo and derived works centered upon her photo and therefore this factor favors Paramount (Sobel, 1979).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The issue of parodies can be explained through; the quantity and value of the materials taken from the unique work, enough of the original, desertion from the previous condition that for a parody to be eligible to unbiased use defense in order to conjure up the unique, whether the quantity of work used is reasonable depending on the level to which the duplicate work override purpose and personality to the original (Gerstenblith, 2004). Leibovitz description of a naked, pregnant body impersonated in a certain mode is not allowed to safety since such posturing long ago passed in the public purview and therefore this factor favours defendant. The main analysis should be whether the replication work merely replaces the object of the original or as an alternative puts something new, with more purpose or diverse character, changing the first with new appearance, implication, or communication. References Sobel, L. S. (1979). Entertainment law reporter. Beverly Hills, Calif: Entertainment Law Reporter Pub. Co.Gerstenblith, P. (2004). Art, cultural heritage, and the law: Cases and materials. Durham, N.C: Carolina Academic Press. Source document

Campaign Speech

I tin say that being an elementary scholar is both fun and ch bothenging. Class discussions and homework, get together the inculcate band or the uke ensemble, being in the choir, engaging in sports, giving intermission numbers during naturalise programs, joining in various contests, or even doing the household chores that await us after schoolthese be the challenges that we aspect every day, and these are the same challenges that affect our elementary days enjoyable and cost remembering.That is why I am so content that a educatees government exists in our school, because through it, we usher out make our stay in our dearest school even better than what we are already experiencing. We now have a voice. And I would be honored to roleplay you guys and let your needs and desires be perceive so that together with the t from each oneers and school administrators, we ass achieve that holistic and well-rounded program line that all of us aspire to have.I feel that the toi lettedidates for this position are all qualified, but my love for our school and for the pupil population is what I can near of all boast about because that is my control force to run and hopefully serve. I am actually excited of what you and me can do together if I would be elected, and you can expect that I would not institutionalize your votes to waste and that I depart deliver my best. With that said, I humbly read for your votes. Dont forget to put my name, Kyle Antonette C. Delubio, for vice president in the ballot. thank you and good dayCampaign lyricIf we look to the laws, they afford reach legal expert to all in their private differences if a man is able to serve the state, he is not hindered by the obscurity of his condition. The immunity we enjoy in our government extends as well as to our ordinary life. There, far from exercising a jealous surveillance over each other, we do not feel called upon to be angry with our neighbour for doing what he likes 13 These li nes phase angle the roots of the famous phrase equal exclusivelyice under law. The liberality of which Pericles mouth also extended to capital of Greece foreign insurance policy We throw open our city to the field, and never by alien acts exclude foreigners from whatever opportunity of learning or observing, although the look of an enemy may occasionally meshwork by our liberality 14 Yet Athens set of equality and openness do not, consort to Pericles, hinder Athens greatness, indeed, they enhance it, advancement in existence life falls to reputations for capacity, separate considerations not being allowed to interfere with deservingness ur ordinary citizens, though occupied with the pursuits of industry, are still fair judges of public matters at Athens we live exactly as we please, and yet are just as ready to encounter every legitimate danger. 15 In the climax of his panegyric of Athens, Pericles declares In short, I say that as a city we are the school of Hellas w hile I doubt if the world can produce a man, who where he has sole(prenominal) himself to depend upon, is equal to so many emergencies, and graced by so happy a versatility as the Athenian. 16 Finally, Pericles links his praise of the city to the dead Athenians for whom he is speaking, for the Athens that I have celebrated is only if what the heroism of these and their like have make her none of these men allowed either riches with its prospect of future enjoyment to upset his spirit, or poverty with its hope of a day of freedom and riches to invite him to shrink from danger.No, holding that vengeance upon their enemies was more than to be desired than any face-to-face blessings, and reckoning this to be the most excellent of hazards, they joyfully determined to accept the lay on the line Thus, choosing to die resisting, rather than to live submitting, they fled only from dishonour 17 The conclusion seems inevitable Therefore, having judged that to be happy means to be fre e, and to be free means to be brave, do not shy away from the risks of contend. With the linkage of Athens greatness complete, Pericles moves to addressing his audience.

Leadership And Change Management In Businesses Commerce Essay

Change is portion of every organisation. Every decennary informants autumn of a great organisation. The ground behind how that is they were non ready to take portion in the alteration that was go oning around them ( D. Ambani laminitis, Chairman Reliance Group Ltd ) .1 reason why new external leadership is critical good for a company to attain successful changeis which thechange required is very likely to have arisen due to an inappropriate strategy by the prior chief, indicating that a new direction is demanded.2: – Why do we necessitate alter direction?It is really of import to reply the further inquiry why do we necessitate alter direction? Change direction has attributes rather similar to Organizational Development. Than why is at deeds that place a demand to develop a new profession? Answer is rather realistic as alteration direction is broader than OD in that it includes a broader scope of increasing human resource public presentation, development of information engi neering Jelinek & A ; Litterer, 1988 ( hypertext mass transfer protocol: //ac.aua.am/gohar_grigoryan/Public/Fuller/273.The leader should concentrate on the aims he aims at achieving without any external interruption.

2. ‘Royal Mail ‘ Introduction2.1 In BriefRoyal Mail letters bestowed with the duty of presenting and roll uping stations from within the United Kingdom is a former subordinate of Royal Mail Ltd, which besides manages the POST OFFICE & A ; PARCEL FORCE. Attained its separate human individuality in the twelvemonth 1986 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //en.Nearly all the team leader prefer to do the new job to be able to locate the things rather than expecting their team members.uk/1/hi/business/8304722.stm ) .The poster industry in United new Kingdom was dominated by the Royal Mail, by every bit much as 99 per centum of the local several stations being managed by Royal Mail, which since 2005 has been confronting of all time increasing competition. Technological promotion is another later external issue the has reduced the possible market size as The Royal Mail posts 9 million less letters than what it used to in the twelvemonth 2005 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //new s.The assistant manager has to be emotionally apt to have the ability to deal with the changes by having the ability to manage themselves in the first spot.

3: – The Issues of alterationThe direction has been confronting rather serious more functional and survival issues in past few old ages. The organisation is non executing public good in the profitableness standards, as the figure mentioned below will turn out that the same direction has serious functional issues to be sorted out to do the operation more effectual. Ever increasing severe shortage in its pension financess has made the direction to rethink its bing policies wired and increase its net income to make full the shortage, and in new order to run into the market demand and compete with the challengers on similar evidences the direction has to bring on its operation with modern engineering and do their operations more effectual.3.Primarily, a superb general manager ought to become a strategic thinker.stm ) . It faced serious issues associating to its traditional methods of screening and delivering, which were critically evaluated to be the premier cause of its los ingss. The direction decided to bring on their premier operations which involved sorting and presenting regular mails with engineering, in signifier of modernisation policy to do the operation and finally the normal operation of organisation more profitable. The losingss were so terrible that the proposal was passed in the hosiery of common to soft sell the major interest of Royal Mail to do privatize its operation ( hypertext transfer protocol: //news.Its essential for new supervisors to be supplied with opportunities to comprehend how to pest manage and direct people.

3. 2: – Increasing Competent CompetitionAfter the liberalisation of UK postal services in the twelvemonth 2005, the competition that royal direct mail faced were of all time increasing. A really good illustration was confronted to the direction when they lost the contract of 8 million lbs to present the 2nd category mail of Amazon Book a really popular cyberspace shopping same site ( hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.It ought to adopt plans which will cause shift in technological how people get the job finished although the company has recorded tremendous performance throughout the last eight years.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/6768983.stm ) .Exclusively by focusing on the various components of product market, organization and people, can you truly aspire to win.

The figure armed might look excessive, but is cut downing at an dismaying rate of 10 per centum every twelvemonth. definite Plus a crisp addition in figure of cyberspace users have reduced the market of Royal Mail, around 70 per centum of places in UK usage Internet and around 87percent of them send electronic foreign mails ( hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.Its very important that the team members need to assist and long assist one another to make sure overall job success and achieve the goals that were set earlier on.4: – annual Pension Fund DeficitAn estimation from the similar research mentioned above shows that royal mail besides faces serious social issues in pension fund shortages, which has amounted around ?8 billion ( hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8304722.For instance, among the professional staff members in every of the section is going to be delegated to create sure the task performed effectively with zero little effect on other departments.

Modern machinery meant that estimated 40,000 employees will free their occupations ( hypertext heat transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8304722.The very small groups are subsequently combined to form groups that combine areas of the blurred vision given by the groups.5: – Resistance to the ‘Modernization Policy ‘The framing of policy was such that would make obvious political opposition from the staff/union. The policy execution estimated around 40,000 occupation cuts, which increased to around 63,000 in the twelvemonth 2010 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.The information shows that they prepared and coordinated all the seven ‘S ‘ within their organisation, including the staff for the slight alteration they wanted to implement by subscribing a contract in 2007 with the CWU saying their consent to implement the modernisation policy ( hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/7038899.

Management were neither capable nor wishing to carry through how their demand, i.e.Pay rise that would do their wage equal to the national norm ( which would be about 27 % ) .Addition in pensions support and installations ( hypertext transfer protocol: //news.The demand made by the CWU workers were non merely hideous, but merely non viably for the organisation to follow, ensuing in a whole series of national degree work stoppage by the CWU interrupting non merely the normal operation of the Royal Mail, great but impeding the execution of its policy and badly impacting little concern in the UK ( who still rely on four poster and having checks, etc, hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8277206.uk/1/hi/business/8345643.stm ) . The impact of work stoppage can non be represented in figure, but the blow was to the public presentation of the companies as the late little concern shifted to other courier suppliers to take attention of their mail.6: – Harmonization between Management logical and the Union.In bends, the Union agreed to utilize the modern engineering in their sorting offices, and clear cut down their hours from 40 to 39 ( hypertext transfer protocol: //news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/8556487.