Analysis Of The Ministers Black Veil By Nathaniel Hawthorne

The short story â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† by Nathaniel Hawthorne follows the minister Mr. Hooper whose simple change in appearance alters the very nature of his existence in society till his death. While his decision to begin to wear a black veil over his face ostracizes him from society, it also turns him into a more influential clergyman. With the symbolism of the black veil, Hawthorne makes a statement on the involvement of society in personal matters and the â€Å"black veil† that is present over the heart of every man, making the point that everyone is guilty of being sinful. â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† was first published in 1832 and was written during the American Romantic time period. Romanticism was a time period where emotion and†¦show more content†¦Hooper for his reason for donning the black veil: â€Å"no attempts were made...to discover the secret which [the veil] was supposed to hide† (6). Hawthorne portrays society’s obsession with that which they do not know for sure or cannot understand. Hawthorne portrays the townspeople in this way to convey how people can often be involved in matters not concerning them so much so that they often pass judgements that may not be just. In Mr. Hooper’s case, the townspeople are so invested in analyzing his black veil that they allow themselves to be affected by his veil so much that they fear him and his veil, and they even avoid him, all the while not considering how they might be wrong as they are not entirely different from Mr. Hooper. Symbolism is very prom inent throughout the entire short story. The color black typically symbolizes evil, darkness, and sin. The black veil which conceals the minister’s features, with its negative connotation, is representative of sin. The fact that it is a veil, which traditionally has a purpose is to conceal one’s face, implies that the minister’s black veil symbolizes secret sin. Hawthorne uses this symbolism to imply that man is inherently sinful; if a minister could potentially guilty of sin, so can others. For the townspeople, the black veil has various possible meanings. While many townspeople guess at its significance‒some of the townspeopleShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Ministers Black Veil By Nathaniel Hawthorne1398 Words   |  6 PagesThe author Nathaniel Hawthorne is a American novelist. Born into a family of old Puritan lineage, both his life and his work were marked by the Calvinist tradition. John Sutherland points out in his book that Hawthorne was in his e arly childhood when the tragedy of losing a father occurred him making a â€Å"[closer relationship] to his sister, Elizabeth.† (85) His early literary vocation forced him to face numerous economic problems, as his works did not give him enough to live. He wrote plenty of novelsRead MoreLiterary Analysis : The Minister s Black Veil 1224 Words   |  5 PagesSagerson ENGL 1302 September 21, 2015 Hawthorne, Nathaniel â€Å"the Minister’s Black Veil† Literary Analysis The minister is acquiring attention to actions of the town people to keep secret his guilty and sinful ways. The reader, while reading the short story, can conclude that the narrator is in third-person to reveal the character’s thoughts. Nathaniel Hawthorne uses lots of symbolism and figure of speech to clarify the ministers reasoning for the black veil over his face. The first figure of speechRead MoreThe Minister’s Black Veil by Nathaniel Hawthorne 1144 Words   |  5 Pagesspecific parable written by Nathaniel Hawthorne entitled The Minister’s Black Veil. Notably, a parable is a simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson. The characters and setting of which Hawthorne uses to get his point across creates an overwhelming atmosphere that increases the power of his message. An analysis of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Minister’s Black Veil offers readers an opportunity to interpret and evaluate the various themes and symbols used by Hawthorne to convey an implicitRead MoreTheme Of The Ministers Black Veil1080 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Symbolism in â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† Each individual has to make the choice to either dwell on their sin, or let go of their sins. Some people can let it go and move on, but some try to hide from their sin. Some even hide from the sins of others. In his short story â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil,† Nathaniel Hawthorne creates an eerie tale about the veiled minister of Milford Village. The main character, Mr. Hooper starts wearing a veil to his sermons. The whole town is skepticalRead MoreHawthorne’s Use of Allegory1545 Words   |  7 PagesThe Ministers Black Veil by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a short story that was first published in the 1836 edition of the Token and Atlantic Souvenir and reappeared over time in Twice-Told Tales, a collection of short stories by Nathaniel Hawthorne. The short story narrates the events that follow Reverend Mr. Hoopers decision to start wearing a black veil that obscures his full face, except for his mouth and chin. Mr. Hooper simply arrives one day at the meeting house wearing the semi-transparentRead MoreThe Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1422 Words   |  6 Pages The eighteenth-century author, Nathaniel Hawthorne was born on July 4, 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts. He was most famous for his writings The Scarlet Letter, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† and an abundant array of other books and short stories. The stories that are mentioned contain a copious amount of symbolism throughout the entirety of each book. All the stories that he ever wrote have an underlying meaning and the symbolism was hidden within in the names, characters, placesRead MoreThe Whiteness of the Veil: Color and the veil in Hawthorne’s The Minister’s Black Veil and The Blithedale Romance1578 Words   |  6 Pageslight to produce symbolic meaning. Blair addresses â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† and notes the repeated emphasis on the blackness of Father Hooper’s veil and the pal lor as a reaction to it. â€Å"The design of this tale,† he asserts, â€Å"is one in which repeated patterns of light, then blackness, then whiteness meaningfully occur† (Blair 76). Similarly, Hawthorne’s novel The Blithedale Romance employs chiaroscuro for its characters, symbols and the veil motif in particular. Blair does not go further in his discussionRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of The Fall In The House Of Usher884 Words   |  4 PagesDeep Into the Mind of Fear: Literary Analysis â€Å"...Madman!- he sprung to his feet, and shrieked out his syllables, as if in the effort he were giving up his soul†(Poe 277). The short stories, The Fall in the House of Usher by Edgar Allan Poe, and The Minister’s Black Veil by Nathaniel Hawthorne explore fear in a deeper context. Fear is a very common emotion. Fear is the result of encounters with the unknown. The Fall in the House of Usher, shows a very anxious Roderick Usher sending for a childhoodRead MoreEssay on Ambiguity of The Minister’s Black Veil3127 Words   |  13 PagesAmbiguity of â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   There is no end to the ambiguity in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil†; this essay hopes to explore this problem within the tale.    In New England Men of Letters Wilson Sullivan relates the purpose of Hawthorne’s veiled image:    He sought, in Hamlet’s telling words to his palace players, â€Å"to hold the mirror up to nature,† and to report what he saw in that mirror – even his own veiled image – without distortionRead More The Minister’s Black Veil – Solitude Essay3553 Words   |  15 Pagesâ€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† – Solitude  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   Henry Seidel Canby in â€Å"A Skeptic Incompatible with His Time and His Past† explains regarding the solitude of Nathaniel Hawthorne: â€Å"His reserve and love of solitude were the defenses of an imagination formed by peculiar circumstances and playing upon circumstances still more peculiar† (55). Let us explore in this essay the solitude within â€Å"The Minister’s Black Veil† and its author.    Herman Melville in â€Å"Hawthorne and His Mosses†

War for Independence - 1113 Words

Waging War for Independence (1764 – 1783) Stephanie Maharaj History 1301 Antrece Baggett October 12, 2012 The thirteen colonies moved from peaceful resistance to outright war against the British government’s â€Å"reform† programs of new taxes and regulations during the period of (1764-1783). These new programs had a significant impact on the people of the colonies, and caused a great uproar. Protests broke out, and eventually the American Revolution came into the picture. I will explain some of the reasons colonists rebelled against the new reform programs, the roles African Americans played during the American Revolution, how the patriots achieved the unity needed to wage the War for Independence, and the impact the American†¦show more content†¦His method of doing that was attempting to seize the patriot’s stores of food and ammunition at Concord which he learned about from an informer. Militant Bostonians had spies that ended up discovering Gage’s plan, and they were ready to spread the alarm. This is the moment the patriots stood as â€Å"oneâ €  unit. It didn’t matter that they were not finished being trained and were unprepared. They all came out to fight, and they fought for all the same basic reasons. There were numerous battles that were yet to come, but this was the start of the patriot’s unity. Eventually all of the battles/wars led to drafting of the Declaration of Independence, which some people believe to be the ultimate reason the patriots achieved the unity they needed to wage the war for independence. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by Thomas Jefferson and set forth Congress’s reasons for separating from the government George III; the revolutionaries focused on the king’s offenses because they had already denied the sovereignty of Parliament. The Native Americans were also another group impacted by the American Revolution. Many took the side of the Americans but the majority sided with the British and assisted them in this revolution. Native Americans believed the Am ericans were more of a direct threat to them because they lived on the continent and would immediately â€Å"take the land†. Native Americans assimilated, and adopted new norms and customs of whiteShow MoreRelatedMexican War of Independence3064 Words   |  13 Pages* * * * * * * * * * * The Mexican Wars for Independence: Failed Ambitions * Pablo A. L. Briger * * * * * US and Modern World I * Mr. Segiel * February 15, 2013 * * * September 16 is a day of celebration all through Mexico. Even the president emerges from the royal palace, decorated with a sash to represent Mexico, rings a bell three times just as Miguel Hidalgo did on that same day in 1810 to commemorateRead MoreIndependence During The War For Independence1512 Words   |  7 Pages Independence in Mexico changed the dynamic of life inside the country. It brought about social and economic issue that seemingly found a way to intertwine themselves. In Mexico, the decline in stability led to corruption throughout the country that created not just banditry, but massive widespread banditry. Bandits and the police aspired too many roles in Mexico before and after the war on independence. These roles by both bandits and the police were backed by motivations that changed over timeRead MoreThe Revolutionary War And The War Of Independence1191 Words   |  5 PagesThe Revolutionary war another name for the war of independence and lasted from 1775 a nd ended 1783. There was a lot of tension between the 13 colonies and the British Monarchy. Smaller battles between British troops and smaller militias near Lexington and Concord kicked off the war. And by 1777 the rebels began a full scale war on Great Britain. The war turned into an international conflict when France joined the war and sided with the American colonists in 1778. With the help of the French the BritishRead MoreThe Revolutionary War Of Independence1366 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Revolution which began as a War of Independence for American quickly transformed into a civil battle between the American patriots and loyalists joined by Indian forces. This war of independence, irrefutably, had a great effect on the citizens of America in varying degrees. The revolution, of course, gave a free rein to unforeseen political revolutions which often spark social revolutions. However, the American Revolution has foreseen the beginning of an abolitionist movement for Afri canRead MoreThe Second War Of Independence907 Words   |  4 Pagesits original independence by fighting off the British in the Revolutionary War. With the British infringing on their unalienable rights, the American colonist knew they needed to take action to stop the overpowering British monarchy to preserve their freedom. The same situation arose in 1803 when the British started seizing American ships and stealing their goods. By 1812 the United States was fed up with Great Britain and their rebellious acts towards them. The United States declared war on June 18Read MoreThe American War of Independence665 Words   |  3 PagesAmerican Revolutionary War, also known as the War of Independence, began on April 19th, 1775 with the Battle of Lexington and Concord. The American Revolution was a war between the thirteen colonies and Great Britian. The colonies wanted to gain independence from Great Britian. It was also a rebellion against the monarchy, which lead to the establishment o f the republic [CROSS]. The outcome of the war was a victory for the thirteen colonies. The colonist gained independence and British recognitionRead MoreThe Revolutionary War On Independence935 Words   |  4 PagesThe war on Independence, known as the Revolutionary War, dramatically changed American life. Not only did it expand upon religious freedom, the rights to vote, and expand the number of legislative seats, to men of lesser property, but also it changed the daily lives of many colonists by fighting for natural rights, which were detained over the years. The Right of â€Å"Free Suffrage† addressed the idea that a man, whose personal liberty and rights are taken from him, is an enslaved man, even if societyRead MoreThe U.s. War Of Independence1126 Words   |  5 PagesThe U.S. War of Independence ensued from the increasing conflict between the British North American colonies and England. However, this conflict cannot be traced back to a single cause, rather, to multip le issues and protests towards the tyranny of the mother country. Even though the numerous Acts enforced by the British government undoubtedly generated dissatisfaction amongst the colonists, it was the government’s rejection of cooperation or compromise that persuaded many colonists of the inevitabilityRead MoreThe Civil War Of Independence967 Words   |  4 PagesWomen. In 1776 was the year the American War of Independence, also known as the American Revolution, started. The American War of Independence was a dispute over land between estate owners and small farmers pushed American colonists into the interior where they fell into conflict with Amerindian peoples. King George III moved to restain american smuggling and raising taxes. Because of resistance, petitions, and boycotts that slowly turned violent, a war soon broke out. A new government system wasRead MoreThe Revolutionary War Of Independence790 Words   |  4 PagesBy the War of Independence, slavery was deeply rooted in the American colonies. However, the Revolution provided African American slaves with several opportunities to obtain their freedom, including through military service in the British and American armed forces. From the war’s outset, both American and British government officials as well as military officers contemplated how they could use African American slaves to further their war efforts. This paper uses a case study approach to explore two

Disclosures In Australian Corporate Sector â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Disclosures In Australian Corporate Sector? Answer: Introduction: This business research report has been prepared to describe the importance of the fulfilment of the objectives of general purpose financial reporting and also to describe the characteristics of useful financial information (according to The Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting) for the distribution of right kind of information to the stakeholders of the company. In this assignment discussion has been held on to what extent the company named BHP Billiton has fulfilled the PPE disclosure requirements as per AASB 116(Parker,2011). Objective of general purpose financial reporting The basic objective of general purpose financial reporting [covering OB1-OB21 of the Framework for Financial Reporting as per IASB,2010] is to distribute most useful financial information to the investors stake holders(lenders and the creditors) of that company(Costello, 2011). These crucial decisions involve whether to buy, sell or hold equity and debt instruments of the company or not and these decisions will be taken on the basis of clear and meaningful financial data that will help them to assess the financial health of the company which and to regulate their decisions regarding credit period investments in that company. Another objective of general purpose financial reporting is to represent the financial data to the investors creditors and the other stake holders of the company in such a way so that they can easily understand the degree of capability of the management of the company to discharge their duties and according they can vote or reject the managers as per their efficiency or inefficiency as presented in the financial figures of a useful report (Van et al.,2011). However this report is not prepared for directly inform the value of the report generating company to the stake holders of the company but offers the possible ways through which the investors and creditors can estimate the possible value of the company. The general purpose financial reports give a clear picture regarding the available sources of fund as well as uses of fund of the company to help the stake holders to identify the possible strength and weaknesses, level of liquidity solvency of the company and scope of additional investments fund collection opportunities with respect to the reporting company. The financial data that describes this kind of information help the stakeholders to assess the possible future growth potential of the reporting organization (Zhang, and Andrew, 2014). The report also describes the basis of accounting followed by the company. Because the stakeholders of the company mostly prefer the accrual basis of accounting where the impact of a cash transaction is recorded and reported under the period in which they occur even if the periods of actual cash receipt payment differs and thus deliver a clear assessment of the impact of financial transaction over the asset liability position of the company The cash flow information of the report explains the pattern of cash earning and expenditure and the synchronization between the receipts and payments of cash (Bruce et al.,2010). The qualitative characteristics of useful financial information[covering QC1-QC39 of the Framework for Financial Reporting as per IASB,2010] requires that the financial information of the financial report should be presented with sufficient amount of relevance and honesty so that the report can bring some differences in the decisions taken by the users of that report with respect to the company. (Beest et al.,2009). The information of the report should be material in nature so that omission of that information will badly affect the decision making process of the user. The information of the report must contain high degree of predictive and confirmatory vale(DeFond et al.,2011) so that the information can be used for making future financial prediction and the data is well conformed by the relevant respondents. The data information of the report should also posses the characteristics of comparability, verifiability, timeliness and understandability which are considered as the fundament al qualitative characteristics that must be present in the information of a general purpose financial report. Discussion on latest annual report of in relation to disclosure requirements for PPE as per AASB 116 This accounting standard describes the accounting principles that are to be followed while accounting for property, plant and equipment both at the time of recognition and also during the subsequent treatment through the choice of two methods; cost and revaluation. (Hanlon et .al.,2014). The key reporting requirements of the company are as follows: The Assets recognition to be done when the future benefits will flow in to the enterprise and the cost of the asset can be measured with sufficient reliability After initial measurement the asset will be measured at cost where the cost will include the followings: The cost of preparing the asset ready for its intended use[ delivery, site preparation, installation] The cost of restoring a site ( dismantling and removal cost)(as per AASB 137) The expense of bearing the interest if the asset is a qualifying asset (as per AASB 123) For measurable assets the cost will be considered as the fair value of the asset Once the recognition of the asset has been done after that the asset will be measured by using either the revaluation or the cost model Under the cost model the following principles will be applied: Asset will be carried at cost less of accumulated depreciation and impairment losses During the depreciation calculation, each part of the asset will be depreciated separately if possible Depreciation cost must be included in the profit and loss account(Champion, 2009) Requirements of the revaluation model: Revaluation should be carried at regular in intervals so that the fair value and the carrying amount does not differ If one asset is revalue then all the assets of this asset class must be measured via revaluation method. An increase due to revaluation will be credited to the equity under asset surplus and a decrease due to revaluation will be considered as expense(Pilcher, 2009) Disclosure requirements: For property, plant, and equipment of each class the basis for measuring the carrying amount, depreciation methods including the life and rate of the asset, gross carring value of the asset and the accumulated depreciation and impairment losses are to be disclosed(Tan?Kantor et al.,2017) Here we are going to discuss that to what extent the chosen company BHP Billiton [ASX listed global resource company operating in the materials sector] is meeting the disclosure requirements for PPE as per AASB 116 As per the annual report-2016 of the company both in 2015 and 2016 the property plant and equipment of the company were being recognized at cost less of accumulated depreciation and impairment charges At the time of acquisition the cost of the asset will be considered as the fair value of the asset At the time of construction of an asset the cost of the asset will be considered as the fair value of the asset The cost of the asset includes the followings: The direct cost for bringing the asset to the location The cost needed for preparing the asset in to the necessary operation Estimated future cost of closure rehabilitation of that asset From the above discussion it can be seen that BHP Billiton strongly follows the 1,2,3,4,7 of the disclosure requirements for PPE as per AASB 116 (The Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting, 2010) Discussion on the fulfilment of the useful financial information distribution in relation to disclosure of PPE as per AASB 116 From the discussion in section-B it can be seen that the disclosure made by BHP Billiton regarding the measurements of property, plant and equipment has got sufficient materiality. As the information describes the whole process of asset valuation in brief and omission of this information will not allow the user to properly understand how the company value their assets and how the cost of the PPE has been calculated for their representation in the balance sheet(asx.com, 2017) A discussion on to what extent disclosures on PPE align with the objective of general purpose financial reporting Disclosures on PPE by BHP Billiton fulfil the following objective of general purpose financial reporting The volume of the depreciation and impairment cost will help the investors of the company to understand the future volume of the cost that the business has to incur for maintaining the assets of the company(asx.com, 2017) The high depreciation cost with respect to an asset class indicates either inefficient maintenance operation to the part of the company or purchase of low quality asset. On the basis of this information the investors will decide how much to invest in the company and the creditors will decide that what should be the most suitable credit period that can be offered to the company The investors will be able to assess the possible impact of increase in asset price over the economic resources of the company(The Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting, 2010) Conclusion: The improvement of the PPE disclosure report of the company requires the following initiatives: As per the objective of general purpose financial reporting the method of accounting [whether the cash or accrual basis of accounting] that is followed by the company has to be clearly mentioned. In order to enhance the quality characteristics of an useful financial information, the company should add comparability, predictability and confirmatory to the report (Stanley and Marsden, 2012). Reference: asx.com. (2017).Integritiy Resilience Growth,Annual Report-2016. [online] Available at: https://www.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20160921/pdf/43bb7y2c5d351b.pdf [Accessed 20 Sep. 2017]. Barth, M.E. and Landsman, W.R., 2010. How did financial reporting contribute to the financial crisis?.European accounting review,19(3), pp.399-423. Beest, F.V., Braam, G.J.M. and Boelens, S., 2009. Quality of Financial Reporting: measuring qualitative characteristics. Bruce Pounder, C.M.A. and CFM, D.A., 2010. A common framework for accounting standards.Strategic Finance,92(5), p.20. Champion, C., 2009. Australian Infrastructure Financial Management Guidelines.Commonwealth Journal of Local Governance, (4), pp.129-137. Christensen, J., 2010. Conceptual frameworks of accounting from an information perspective.Accounting and Business Research,40(3), pp.287-299. Costello, A.M., 2011. The impact of financial reporting quality on debt contracting: Evidence from internal control weakness reports.Journal of Accounting Research,49(1), pp.97-136. DeFond, M., Hu, X., Hung, M. and Li, S., 2011. The impact of mandatory IFRS adoption on foreign mutual fund ownership: The role of comparability.Journal of Accounting and Economics,51(3), pp.240-258. Hanlon, D., Navissi, F. and Soepriyanto, G., 2014. The value relevance of deferred tax attributed to asset revaluations.Journal of Contemporary Accounting Economics,10(2), pp.87-99. Parker, D., 2011. Valuation of airports for financial reporting: fair value?.Journal of Property Investment Finance,29(6), pp.677-692. Pilcher, R., 2009. Deconstructing local government performance and infrastructure measurement.Asian Review of Accounting,17(2), pp.163-176. Stanley, T. and Marsden, S., 2012. Problem-based learning: Does accounting education need it?.Journal of Accounting Education,30(3), pp.267-289. Tan?Kantor, A., Abbott, M. and Jubb, C., 2017. Accounting Choice and Theory in Crisis: The Case of the Victorian Desalination Plant.Australian Accounting Review. The Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting. (2010).IFRS Conceptual Framework, pp.A-21-A-51. Van Greuning, H., Scott, D. and Terblanche, S., 2011.International financial reporting standards: a practical guide. World Bank Publications. Zhang, Y. and Andrew, J., 2014. Financialisation and the conceptual framework.Critical perspectives on accounting,25(1), pp.17-26.

Mastering Physics free essay sample

To learn more, read your instructors Grading Policy [Switch to Standard Assignment View] [ Print ] Electric Field Due to Increasing Flux Learning Goal: To work through a straightforward application of Faradays law to find the EMF and the electric field surrounding a region of increasing flux Faradays law describes how electric fields and electromotive forces are generated from changing magnetic fields. This problem is a prototypical example in which an increasing magnetic flux generates a finite line integral of the electric field around a closed loop that surrounds the changing magnetic flux through a surface bounded by that loop. A cylindrical iron rod with cross-sectional area is oriented with its symmetry axis coincident with the z axis of a cylindrical coordinate system as shown. It has a uniform magnetic field inside that varies according to . In other words, the magentic field is always in the positive z direction, and it has no other components. We will write a custom essay sample on Mastering Physics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For your convenience, we restate Faradays law here: , where is the line integral of the electric field, and the magnetic flux is given by , where is the angle between the magnetic field and the local normal to the surface bounded by the closed loop. Direction: The line integral and surface integral reverse their signs if the reference direction of or is reversed. The right-hand rule applies , then the fingers point along . You are free to here: If the thumb of your right hand is taken along take the loop anywhere you choose, although usually it makes sense to choose it to lie along the path of the circuit you are considering. Part A Find ositive. Hint A. 1 Selecting the loop Hint not displayed , the electromotive force (EMF) around a loop that is at distance from the z axis, where is restricted to the region outside the iron rod as shown. Take the direction shown in the figure as session. masteringphysics. com/myct/courseHome? This law was extended by Maxwell to include a new type of current that is due to changing electric fields: The first term on the right-hand side, . , describes the effects of the usual electric current due to as usual. The second term, moving charge. In this problem, that current is designated , is called the displacement current; it was recognized as necessary by Maxwell. His motivation was largely to make Amperes law symmetric with Faradays law of induction when the electric fields and magnetic fields are reversed. By calling for the production of a magnetic field due to a change in electric field, this law lays the groundwork for electromagnetic waves in which a changing magnetic field session. masteringphysics. com/myct/courseHome? start=1 2/23 12/3/11 MasteringPhysics: Course Home generates an electric field whose change, in turn, sustains the magnetic field. We will discuss these issues later. (Incidentally, a third type of current, called magnetizing current, should also be added to account for the presence of changing magnetic materials, but it will be neglected, as it has been in the equation above. The purpose of this problem is to consider a classic illustration of the need for the additional displacement current term in Amperes law. Consider the problem of finding the magnetic field that loops around just outside the circular plate of a charging capacitor. The cone-shaped surface shown in the figure has a current passing through it, so Amperes law indicates a finite value for the field integral around this loop. However, a slightly different surface bordered by the same loop passes through the center of the capacitor, where there is no current due to moving charge. To get the same loop integral independent of the surface it must be true that either a current or an increasing electric field that passes through the Amperean surface will generate a looping magnetic field around its edge. The objective of this example is to introduce the displacement current, show how to calculate it, and then to show that the displacement current is identical to the conduction current . Assume that the capacitor has plate area and an electric field between the plates. Take to be the permeability of free space and to be the permittivity of free space. Part A First find , the line integral of around a loop of radius located just outside the left capacitor plate. This can be found from the usual current due to moving charge in Amperes law, that is, without the displacement current. Find an expression for this integral involving the current the introduction. Correct and any needed constants given in Part B Now find an expression for , the same line integral of around the same loop of radius located just outside the left capacitor plate as before. Use the surface that passes between the plates session. masteringphysics. com/myct/courseHome? start=1 /23 12/3/11 MasteringPhysics: Course Home of the capacitor, where there is no conduction current. This should be found by evaluating the amount of displacement current in the Ampere-Maxwell law above. Hint B. 1 Find the electric flux Hint not displayed Hint B. 2 Express in terms of Hint not displayed Express your answer in terms of the electric field between the plates area , and any needed constants given in the introduction. , , the plate ANSWER: = Correct A necessary consistency check Part C We now have two quite different expressions for the line integral of the magnetic field around the same loop. The point here is to see that they both are intimately related to the charge on the left capacitor plate. First find the displacement current Hint C. 1 Find the flux using Gausss law Hint not displayed Hint C. 2 Find the displacement current Hint not displayed in terms of . session. masteringphysics. com/myct/courseHome? start=1 4/23 12/3/11 MasteringPhysics: Course Home Express your answer in terms of introduction. ANSWER: = , , and any needed constants given in the Correct Part D Now express the normal current Express your answer in terms of introduction. ANSWER: = Correct Using Gausss law, you have shown that the displacement current from the changing electric field between the plates equals the current from the flow of charge through the wire onto that plate. This means that the Ampere-Maxwell law can consistently treat cases in which the normal current due to the flow of charge is not continuous. This realization was a great boost to Maxwells confidence in the physical validity of his new displacement-current term. , in terms of the charge on the capacitor plate.