Friedrich Nietzsche’s Thus Spake Zarathustra (1883) Essay

In the Prologue section of Friedrich Nietzsche’s ‘Thus Spake Zarathustra’, he spoke of a thirty-year-old man named Zarathustra who goes into the wilderness where he stays for ten years taking pleasure in his solitude.   When he decides to be in contact with the people again and ‘go under’, Zarathustra starts to share what he has learned over the past ten years.   He tells about a Superman, saying that man is born to be between a beast and a Superman. Man should be able to overcome this state, yet the road is very dangerous.   He preaches that man should utterly focus on this life and not the life after death.   He should hold in contempt things like happiness, reason, virtue, justice, or pity.   As man is becoming more and more tame and domesticated, then the last man on earth will all be alike like a herd of animals.   They shall be afraid of danger and peril, which will lead to self-destruction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the Zarathustra Prologue, Nietzsche speaks about a crisis that is being shared by the existing humanity—the crisis of being contented with comfort alone; being as comfortable and contented as to resist the utilization of strong, positive goals in one’s existence.   Each section of ‘Thus Spake Zarathustra’ carries with it essential points to consider, especially the Prologue section and Parts 1-3.   What are these essential points?   How do they all blend together to come up with the whole thought or proclamation of Nietzsche?   In the end, we shall come up with the answers to these questions, together with the essential points that create Nietzsche’s preaching of nihilism.   In this world of materialism and nihilism (as Nietzsche declared), is God really dead? Main Body The Crisis of Existing Humanity   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the Prologue section of ‘Thus Spake Zarathustra,’ Nietzsche speaks about a crisis that lingers in all of humanity today.   Zarathustra speaks that saints are too proud and love only God and not men, as stated in the lines: â€Å"Now I love God: men, I do not love.   Man is a thing too imperfect for me.   Love to man would be fatal to me† (Nietzsche 21).   He also stated that acts of charity should go after acts of beseech: â€Å"If, however, thou wilt give unto them, give them no more than an alms, and let them also beg for it† (Nietzsche 21).   This points out that acts of charity are done for the sake of pride and self-worthiness.   When Zarathustra speaks that â€Å"God is dead† (Nietzsche 22), he meant that God does not exist in this world anymore, even on people whom we think should have made God more alive. Secondly, Zarathustra speaks that people have made a shame of themselves: â€Å"Ye have made your way from the worm to man, and much within you is still worm.   Once were ye apes, and even yet man is more of an ape than any of the apes† (Nietzsche 22).   He preaches that the way to go is to be the Superman, which Zarathustra speaks as â€Å"the meaning of the earth† (Nietzsche 22) and the â€Å"herald of the lightning, †¦ a heavy drop out of the cloud† (Nietzsche 25). People are in crisis because much of life is centered on life after death and not on the present life on earth.   Happiness, reason, virtue, justice, and pity appear to be useless and should not be centered on, since self-satisfaction of men is being slaughtered, while men cry to heaven for answers to satisfaction, which should only be found on earth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thirdly, Zarathustra speaks that â€Å"Man is a rope stretched between the animal and the Superman—a rope over an abyss† (Nietzsche 24).   There is crisis and peril in trying to go through the rope—the present state of man that should be defeated and prevailed over.   Man has succeeded in transforming itself from a beast to a man, yet there is another significant task for a man—to transform itself from a man to a Superman.   However, the people do not yet understand: â€Å"There they stand †¦ there they laugh: they understand me not†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Nietzsche 25). For this, Zarathustra starts to speak of the ‘last man’ because people are becoming too content and comfortable with their lives they do not see the need to have strong, positive goals anymore.   Zarathustra proclaims that, if this will not change, time will come when the trees and the soil will bear no trees; when man will not see a reason to long for and dream; and when man will no longer be capable of giving birth to a star (Nietzsche 26). This inability of the last man to create something that is beyond himself would make the earth smaller and smaller, and the last man becoming weaker and weaker†¦ becoming lazier as days go by.   If man is to surpass the crisis that is in the midst, then he should surpass the rope of being a man and learn how to become a Superman. The Principal Parts of the Last Man’s Soul   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to Zarathustra, man is not made up of body and soul; rather, that he is composed only of the body that, on the other hand, is made up of the spirit and the ego, which common people call the ‘soul’ (Nietzsche 40-41).   Zarathustra preaches that the ego is—not said—but done (Nietzsche 41).   It is the ego that gives a sense of feeling, while it is the spirit, conversely, that discerns what is to be done considering the ego.    These two, the spirit and the ego, continuously attach to one another over one’s existence: â€Å"What the sense feeleth, what the spirit discerneth, hath never its end in itself† (Nietzsche 41).   Behind the senses of the ego and the spirit is the Self (or the body), which â€Å"seeketh with the eyes of the senses, it hearkeneth also with the ears of the spirit† (Nietzsche 41); yet it appears that the Self is the master of the senses of ego and spirit, as reflected in the following lines: The Self saith unto the ego: Feel pain!   And thereupon it suffereth, and thinketh how it may put an end thereto—and for that very purpose it is meant to think.   The Self saith unto the ego: Feel pleasure!   Thereupon it rejoiceth, and thinketh how it may ofttimes rejoice—and for that very purpose it is meant to think. (41)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      In relation to the crisis, this ordering of the principle parts of the last man’s soul leads one to think that the Self is really in the soul, which is not true, according to Zarathustra (since there is no soul).   The Self is in the body, and for those who say that Self is in the soul, they are called ‘despisers of the body’ who despise because of their esteem (Nietzsche 41).   Through the body, there is spirit; and through the spirit, there is worth and will.   The Self, however, should be made to do what it desires most—to be that which is beyond itself†¦ to be a Superman on earth!   To be a Superman needs a special kind of selfishness—the healthy and holy type of selfishness that â€Å"constrain[s] all things to flow towards you and into you, so that they shall flow back again out of your fountain as the gifts of your love† (Nietzsche 76). In this selfishness there is no lust or craving but true virtue that elevates the body and enraptures the spirit (Nietzsche 76).   This new virtue brings power and knowledge through what he calls the ‘Will to Power’.   This is what drives the powerful into wanting obedience and change.   Zarathustra calls it â€Å"the unexhausted, procreating life-will† (Nietzsche 108), and together with worth and will, this is also what the last man lacks nowadays.   People are unaware of the healthy and holy selfishness, which is why he cannot create beyond himself. The Way to Redemption   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Zarathustra, as a teacher, tries to correct the conflicting understanding of these notions by doing the following: first, by finding his own disciples and teaching them before sending them on their own to find their Will to Power and virtue, which should both be overflowing in order for them to preach or share it with others; and second, by preaching to the most uncommon men (i.e., hunchback, the cripples, the blind men) who live apart from the rest of the people. However, because man has turned his back against the Will to Power, Zarathustra claims that there is suffering on earth as penalty for the negligence: â€Å"Everything perisheth, therefore everything deserveth to perish† (Nietzsche 132).   Yet the past is past.   Even the Will to Power has no power to bring back time; thus, there is suffering.   But there is what is called ‘courage’ that slays giddiness, suffering, and death (Nietzsche 143).   As stated, â€Å"Courage, however, is the best slayer, courage which attacketh† (Nietzsche 143).   By possessing courage, man is on his way to redemption to find his Will to Power and his virtue, for the Self to find its worth and will in the spirit.   At that moment, he will have the power to create beyond himself—a being that even death, giddiness, and suffering is unable to tear down. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"[T]ruth is always on the side of the more difficult.† –Friedrich Nietzsche in his letter to his sister, 1865 (Nietzsche&Kaufmann 29)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Nietzsche’s ‘Thus Spake Zarathustra,’ he speaks about a crisis that is being shared by the existing humanity.   There is crisis because of the following essential points: first, the non-existence of God in this world; second, the centering on life after death; third, the suffering of self-satisfaction; fourth, the longing for contentment and comfort; fifth, the lack of strong, positive goals and courage; sixth and last, having a smaller world with weaker men.   With the Self as the master of the ego and the spirit, a man should not despise his body because of esteem, especially that it is the body that builds the spirit, which then builds both worth and will. Without the body, there is no spirit, worth, will, and the ego.   To be a Superman is to be selfish enough to gain in knowledge and in power, yet how can all be possible without virtue and Will to Power?   To have Will to Power in a changing and suffering world, however, there is a drastic need for courage.   This is the way to the redemption of mankind†¦ to have the courage in wiping away suffering and pain, which has been inflicted on mankind as penalty for its negligence.   Despite the past being irrevocable, man will no longer fall to self-destruction, as he has learned to go well beyond himself. Works Cited Nietzsche, Friedrich.   Thus Spake Zarathustra.   Translated by Thomas Common.   University Park, Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University, 1999. Nietzsche, Friedrich, and Walter Kaufmann.   The Portable Nietzsche.   New York, NY: Penguin Group, Inc., 1977.

Kissan Job

Introduction : History and Evolution : Kissan till now –Acquired by Brooke Bond in 1993 from UB group -Separated from Brooke Bond as an independent brand under HUL Kissan current scenario : Kissan jam Varieties : * Pine apple * Mango * Apple * Strawberry * Mixed fruits Pricing : 100 gm Bottle – Rs. 22 200 gm Bottle – Rs. 47 500 gm Bottle – Rs. 102 Promotion : * Advertising -television -print media -hoardings * Sales promotion Consumer Sales promotion ( gifts and discount ) -Trade Sales promotion ( discounts on bulk purchase ) Position : Initial Positioning : -Captured customers mind as an add-on product with normal foods like snack, bread etc. -In 2000, HUL rebranded â€Å"KISSAN† as â€Å"Annapurna KISSAN† Repositioning : -Alternative applications-chappathi,samosa etc -Dissolves tennsion between mother and child Tackling competition : * General competition : Heinz ketchup – Maggi ketchup – Sil jam – Rasna * Generic compe tition: * Butter * Pickle Distribution strategy : Place : Kissan always plays 1ST as the quality is never down Target customers : Kissan jams are mainly targeting on kids and modern youth who are found to be make their food more tastier and healthy and this is also beneficial for all age groups. A large target market for kissan jam is people who are paying guest and hostelers.Example: Tops and Sil are the major players in this segment. Conclusion : * 46% of sample responded that they prefer jam withbread * 90% of the jam consumer consume kissan jam * 100% of the sample found kissanjam to be availableanywhere * Kissan jam customers are highly loyal towards the product * Only 68% of the sample could recall advertisement of kissanjam * The ad with a celebrity endorsing had a higher brand recall

Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Review - Essay Example o take people’s property and rarely are they prosecuted, but even if they face charges, rarely do they spend a night in prison since they have all the money they require for bail. Michael Moore produced the documentary on 2009 in association with Anne Moore. The essay will relay detailed and precise information on how capitalism tore the US apart as depicted in Moore’s documentary and how this directly affected the nation’s economy. In the beginning of the documentary, Moore shows how the US government evicts hard working American citizens from their homes just because there was a delay in mortgage payment. According to Moore, the repossessed houses usually go back to real estate agencies such as â€Å"Condo Vultures† who resell them to other willing buyers while the previous owners are left homeless with no place to go (Moore). Moore further states that if one is of higher class, he could easily acquire property five times more than anybody else could. This is because he or she has powerful connections that normally conceal the acts. This is what Moore refers as the law of life. For instance, whereas many low class Americans were being evicted from their homes that were later on being sold, other people such as owners of â€Å"Condo Vultures†, a real estate agency based in Florida flourished rapidly from selling repossessed homes (Moore). It is because of this that the US experienced weakened uni ons, more political powers granted to corporations in addition to widened socioeconomic gap between the high class and lower class persons (Moore). Apart from foreclosures, other illegal activities highlighted in the documentary include the children’s’ cash scandal where two judges; Mark Ciavarella and Michael Conahan received millions of dollars from Robert Mericle an owner of two private juvenile facilities. The two judges were accused of receiving the money in return, they were to increase the number of prisoners referred to Mericle’s juvenile facilities

Fiat Currency and its Role in the Global Economy Essay

Fiat Currency and its Role in the Global Economy - Essay Example While the Bretton-Woods conference had proposed a supranational currency this idea was ignored and instead international currencies were pegged to the United States dollar. In the 1970s the United States went off the gold standard, effectively moving all world currencies to floating. There have been a number of attempts at supranational currency including the implementation of the SDR; still, there are some weaknesses to this currency, including it not effectively reflecting contemporary GDP concerns. In addition to the SDR there was the ECU, the ASU, and the African Monetary Unit; in large part these currencies are or were ineffective as a world currency for their largely regional affiliations. Recognizing the inefficiency of these currency units the WDX Organisation Limited was established to develop a more effective world currency. Incorporating modern risk theory, mathematics, and real-time technology infrastructure this organization developed the Wocu. In addition, the Wocu a ma jor innovative aspect of the Wocu is that it implements a research-based algorithm that is unknown to outside sources. b) Specification of thesis – main point The main thesis is that the Wocu is both effective and necessary as a world currency in response to the current fiat model. ... This will allay concerns with the dollar as the world currency, allow countries to have their own monetary policy, and reduce the need for foreign currency reserves. Additionally, it will have benefits to corporate treasurer; these include reducing currency risk and hedging against volatility, as well as advantages in pricing sales and purchasing, settling transaction, risk management, and raising capital. c) Three supporting opinions/reasons There are a number of supporting perspectives on implementing a world currency. Perhaps the central thorough-put in these supportive arguments is the notion that the use of fiat currencies creates a currency environment subject to political manipulation and volatility. One such consideration has emerged from the United States Economic Report. This report indicates that the European Sovereign Debt Crisis has had an immediate impact on United States monetary policy ("Economic policy: Country," 2010). The report indicates that, â€Å"The ripple ef fects from the euro area’s public debt crisis have led market participants to expect a later start of rate hikes ("Economic policy: Country," 2010, pg. 12). While not necessarily negative, such an impact could conceivably be avoided through a world currency. While this report demonstrates the direct impact of fiat currency, other research has argued for much more profound implications. Ghosh, Roy & Bandyopadhyay (2011) quantitatively examined various elements that directly contributed to volatility in the Indian stock market. Their research revealed that currency volatility – a direct result of fiat money – had a significant impact on stock valuation. Al-Shibli (2011) goes as far as to argue that in abandoning Bretton-Woods and

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BusinessMGT Unit5 discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

BusinessMGT Unit5 discussion - Assignment Example (â€Å"Competitive Advantage†, 2010) Smart Chips Company’s market share has been hurt by the clone microchips. Though the company specializes in developing first-of-its kind microchips, but the makers of clone microchips release microchips that are similar to the original but are sold at comparatively lower prices. To recuperate their market share, Smart Chips Company needs to redesign its product in a way that it has a competitive advantage over the cloning microchips. To bring about these drastic changes, the firm will have to determine how to incorporate the value chain activities to create value and competitive advantage. Smart Chips Company’s profit and market share depend on its efficiency of performing these activities, together with value chain support activities. The value chain support activities include: administrative infrastructure management, human resource management, technology (R&D) and  procurement. In order to develop competitive advantage, Smart Microchip Company must have resources that are superior and which cannot be replicated by the competitors. A cost analysis should be performed to assess the areas where the cost can be reduced. Company must create cost advantage either by reducing costs at each level of the value chain or by reconfiguring the entire value chain. Better marketing can also help in increasing the number of sales of the firm. Promotion and service plays an influential part in the marketing of a business. With effective marketing, Smart Chips can also use product positioning, and quality checking as means of gaining competitive advantages over clone microchips. This may lead the company towards the road to sustainable success. SWOT analysis will also be helpful to Smart Chips. It is a tool used by companies to assess their strengths and weaknesses, and opportunities and threats in the market. It is a simple way of evaluating firm’s current

The Process of Applying for a Degree at CSU Assignment

The Process of Applying for a Degree at CSU - Assignment Example Next, click the next icon at the bottom or on any sections outlined on the left line to move to a dissimilar screen. Your data will be inspected for inconsistencies and errors. If omissions or mistakes are realized, you will be taken back to the screen to correct the responses. Otherwise, your information will be saved to allow you proceed. Put in mind that if you use the jump or Skip button on your left, information on that screen will not be saved and you will be required to re-enter your data. Next, click the next icon at the bottom or on any sections outlined on the left line to move to a dissimilar screen. Your data will be inspected for inconsistencies and errors. If omissions or mistakes are realized, you will be taken back to the screen to correct the responses. Otherwise, your information will be saved to allow you proceed. Put in mind that if you use the jump or Skip button on your left, information on that screen will not be saved and you will be required to re-enter your data before submission.   After completing the application, click on the â€Å"SUBMIT† icon positioned on the left side of the column to present the application.   I look forward to your applications. For any questions, please conduct me as soon as possible on my Email address; gitzbay@hotmail.com.